山寨

Chinese

		mountain; hill	stronghold; stockade
simp. and trad. (山寨)		山	寨
variant forms		山砦

Etymology

The use of "Shanzhai" to refer to imitation products comes from Cantonese slang, in which "shanzhai factory" (山寨廠／山寨厂) means an ill-equipped, low-end and family-based factory.

Pronunciation

Mandarin
(Pinyin): shānzhài

(Zhuyin): ㄕㄢㄓㄞˋ
Cantonese (Jyutping): saan¹ zaai⁶
Hakka (Sixian, PFS): sân-chai
Min Nan (POJ): soaⁿ-chē / soaⁿ-chēe

Mandarin
- (Standard Chinese)⁺
  - Pinyin: shānzhài
  - Zhuyin: ㄕㄢㄓㄞˋ
  - Gwoyeu Romatzyh: shanjay
  - IPA ^(key): /ʂän⁵⁵ ʈ͡ʂaɪ̯⁵¹/
Cantonese
- (Standard Cantonese, Guangzhou)⁺
  - Jyutping: saan¹ zaai⁶
  - Yale: sāan jaaih
  - Cantonese Pinyin: saan¹ dzaai⁶
  - Guangdong Romanization: san¹ zai⁶
  - IPA ^(key): /säːn⁵⁵ t͡säːi̯²²/
Hakka
- (Sixian, incl. Miaoli and Meinong)
  - Pha̍k-fa-sṳ: sân-chai
  - Hakka Romanization System: san´ zai
  - Hagfa Pinyim: san¹ zai⁴
  - IPA: /san²⁴⁻¹¹ t͡sai̯⁵⁵/
Min Nan
- (Hokkien: Quanzhou, General Taiwanese, Xiamen)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chē
  - Tâi-lô: suann-tsē
  - Phofsit Daibuun: svoaze
  - IPA (Xiamen): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡se²²/
  - IPA (Taipei, Kaohsiung): /suã⁴⁴⁻³³ t͡se³³/
  - IPA (Quanzhou): /suã³³ t͡se⁴¹/
- (Hokkien: Zhangzhou)
  - Pe̍h-ōe-jī: soaⁿ-chēe
  - Tâi-lô: suann-tsēe
  - IPA (Zhangzhou): /suã⁴⁴⁻²² t͡sɛ²²/

Noun

山寨

mountain fortress
fortified mountain village
(slang) shanzhai; fake or pirated good, especially an electronic one; knockoff

Derived terms

山寨主義／山寨主义

山寨機／山寨机 (shānzhàijī)

Descendants

English: shanzhai
Japanese: 山塞

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