させる
Japanese
Etymology 1
From Classical Japanese さす (sasu), which followed 下二段活用 (shimo nidan katsuyō, “lower bigrade conjugation”).
Some linguists suggest that させる is a variant of せる, where a reduplicative "s" is added to avoid vowel clusters. (e.g. 食べる + せる → *tabe- + *-ase- → *tabease- + *tabesase- → 食べさせる)
Suffix
させる (ichidan conjugation, rōmaji -saseru)
- (jodōshi) Used to form the causative of verbs.
- Expresses causation: to make ... do ...
- 2010, 【東方合同動画企画】魔理沙とアリスのクッキーKiss
- 私も食べさせる～！
- Watashi mo tabesaseru~!
- I'll make [Reimu] eat, too!
- 私も食べさせる～！
- 2010, 【東方合同動画企画】魔理沙とアリスのクッキーKiss
- Expresses causation: to make ... do ...
Conjugation
| Stem forms | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Imperfective (未然形) | させ | -sase | ||
| Continuative (連用形) | させ | -sase | ||
| Terminal (終止形) | させる | -saseru | ||
| Attributive (連体形) | させる | -saseru | ||
| Hypothetical (仮定形) | させれ | -sasere | ||
| Imperative (命令形) | させよ¹ させろ² |
-saseyo¹ -sasero² | ||
| Key constructions | ||||
| Passive | させられる | -saserareru | ||
| Causative | － | － | ||
| Potential | させられる させれる³ |
-saserareru -sasereru³ | ||
| Volitional | させよう | -saseyō | ||
| Negative | させない させぬ させん |
-sasenai -sasenu -sasen | ||
| Negative continuative | させず | -sasezu | ||
| Formal | させます | -sasemasu | ||
| Perfective | させた | -saseta | ||
| Conjunctive | させて | -sasete | ||
| Hypothetical conditional | させれば | -sasereba | ||
| ¹ Written imperative ² Spoken imperative ³ Colloquial potential | ||||
Usage notes
Attaches only to the 未然形 (mizenkei, “irrealis or incomplete form”) of Group II (ichidan) verbs and the irregular verb 来る (kuru). The result is conjugated like a Group II (ichidan) verb.
- 起きる (okiru) → 起きさせる (oki-saseru), 起きさせます (oki-sasemasu), etc.
- 食べる (taberu) → 食べさせる (tabe-saseru), 食べさせます (tabe-sasemasu), etc.
- 来る (kuru) → 来させる (ko-saseru), 来させます (ko-sasemasu), etc.
The passive form of verbs from other conjugation classes are formed with せる (-seru) instead of させる (-saseru).
In colloquial speech, させる (-saseru) can be contracted to さす (-sasu), which follows 五段活用 (godan katsuyō, “quinquigrade conjugation”).