ⲧⲟⲟⲩ

Coptic

Etymology 1

From Demotic tw (“mountain, desert”), from Egyptian

(ḏw, “mountain”)

Noun

ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (toou) (plural ⲧⲟⲟⲩⲉ, or identical to singular)

Alternative forms

ⲧⲁⲩ (tau) – Akhmimic, Fayyumic
ⲧⲱⲟⲩ (tōou) – Bohairic

Synonyms

ⲉⲣⲏⲙⲟⲥ (erēmos)
ϣⲁϥⲉ (šafe) (Bohairic, Sahidic)
ϫⲁⲓⲉ (jaie) (Sahidic, Akhmimic)

Etymology 2

From Egyptian djt dj.w (“to cause that they should give”), from djt (infinitive of rḏj) + dj (subjunctive of rḏj) + .w (“they”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /tou̯/

Verb

ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (toou)

(intransitive, Sahidic) to buy

Conjugation

Conjugation of ⲧⲟⲟⲩ (Sahidic dialect)(See Appendix:Coptic verbs)

		singular					plural			Nominative
infinitive		ⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etoou	negative infinitive	ⲉⲧⲙⲧⲟⲟⲩ etmtoou
imperative		ⲧⲟⲟⲩ toou	negative imperative	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtoou
		1st person	2nd person		3rd person		1st person	2nd person	3rd person
		1st person	masculine	feminine	masculine	feminine	1st person	2nd person	3rd person
Durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
present	-	ϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ titoou	ⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ktoou	ⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetoou	ϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ftoou	ⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ stoou	ⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ tntoou	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetntoou	ⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ setoou	ⲧⲟⲟⲩ toou
	focalising	ⲉⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ eitoou	ⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ektoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou	ⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ eftoou	ⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ estoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetntoou	ⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ eutoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ neitoou	ⲛⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nektoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ neretoou	ⲛⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ neftoou	ⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nestoou	ⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nentoou	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ netetntoou	ⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ neutoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ neretoou
	relative	ⲉϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ etitoou	ⲉⲧⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ etktoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetoou	ⲉⲧϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etftoou	ⲉⲧⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etstoou	ⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etntoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetntoou	ⲉⲧⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ etstoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eteretoou
future	-	ϯⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tinatoou	ⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ knatoou	ⲧⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tenatoou	ϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ fnatoou	ⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ snatoou	ⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tnnatoou	ⲧⲉⲧⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ tetnatoou	ⲥⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ senatoou
	focalising	ⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ einatoou	ⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ eknatoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ erenatoou	ⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ efnatoou	ⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ esnatoou	ⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ennatoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnnatoou	ⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ eunatoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou
	preterite	ⲛⲉⲓⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neinatoou	ⲛⲉⲕⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neknatoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nerenatoou	ⲛⲉϥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nefnatoou	ⲛⲉⲥⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nesnatoou	ⲛⲉⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nennatoou	ⲛⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ netetnnatoou	ⲛⲉⲩⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ neunatoou	ⲛⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ neretoou
Non-durative sentences
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
past	affirmative	ⲁⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ aitoou	ⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ aktoou	ⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ aretoou	ⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ aftoou	ⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ astoou	ⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ antoou	ⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ atetntoou	ⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ autoou	ⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ atoou
	negative	ⲙⲡⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpitoou	ⲙⲡⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpektoou	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpetoou	ⲙⲡⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpeftoou	ⲙⲡⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpestoou	ⲙⲡⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpntoou	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpetntoou	ⲙⲡⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpoutoou	ⲙⲡⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpetoou
	focalising	ⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntaitoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntaktoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntaretoou	ⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntaftoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntastoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntantoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntatntoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntautoou	ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntatoou
	relative	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaitoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaktoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaretoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ entaftoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ entastoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entantoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ entatntoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ entautoou	ⲉⲛⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ entatoou
not yet		ⲙⲡⲁϯⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatitoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatktoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatetoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatftoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatstoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatntoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatetntoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatoutoou	ⲙⲡⲁⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ mpatetoou
aorist	affirmative	ϣⲁⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaitoou	ϣⲁⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaktoou	ϣⲁⲣⲧⲟⲟⲩ šartoou	ϣⲁϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaftoou	ϣⲁⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šastoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantoou	ϣⲁⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ šatetntoou	ϣⲁⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ šautoou	ϣⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ šaretoou
aorist	negative	ⲙⲉⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ meitoou	ⲙⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ mektoou	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ meretoou	ⲙⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ meftoou	ⲙⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mestoou	ⲙⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mentoou	ⲙⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ metetntoou	ⲙⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ meutoou	ⲙⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ meretoou
optative	affirmative	ⲉⲓⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eietoou	ⲉⲕⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eketoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou	ⲉϥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ efetoou	ⲉⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ esetoou	ⲉⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ enetoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnetoou	ⲉⲩⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ euetoou	ⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ eretoou
optative	negative	ⲛⲛⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnatoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnektoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnetoou	ⲛⲛⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nneftoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnestoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnentoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnetntoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nneutoou	ⲛⲛⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nnetoou
affirmative jussive		ⲙⲁⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ maritoou			ⲙⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mareftoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ marestoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ marntoou		ⲙⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ maroutoou	ⲙⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ maretoou
negative jussive, negative causative		ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtratoou			ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtreftoou	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtrestoou	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtrentoou		ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtreutoou	ⲙⲡⲣⲧⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ mprtretoou
Subordinate clause
		ⲁⲛⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟⲕ	ⲛⲧⲟ	ⲛⲧⲟϥ	ⲛⲧⲟⲥ	ⲁⲛⲟⲛ	ⲛⲧⲱⲧⲛ	ⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ
precursive		ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ nteritoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ nterektoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nteretoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntereftoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nterestoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nterentoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ nteretntoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ nteroutoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nteretoou
conditional		ⲉⲓϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eišantoou	ⲉⲕϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ekšantoou	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eršantoou	ⲉϥϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ efšantoou	ⲉⲥϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ esšantoou	ⲉⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ enšantoou	ⲉⲧⲉⲧⲛϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ etetnšantoou	ⲉⲩϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eušantoou	ⲉⲣϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ eršantoou
limitative		ϣⲁⲛⲧⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ϣⲁⲛⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantitoou, šantatoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantktoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantetoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantftoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantstoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantntoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantetntoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantoutoou	ϣⲁⲛⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ šantetoou
conjunctive		ⲛⲧⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲛⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntitoou, ntatoou	ⲛⲧⲅⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntgtoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntetoou	ⲛϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nftoou	ⲛⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ nstoou	ⲛⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntntoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntetntoou	ⲛⲥⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ nsetoou	ⲛⲧⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ ntetoou
future conjunctive		ⲧⲁⲧⲟⲟⲩ, ⲧⲁⲣⲓⲧⲟⲟⲩ tatoou, taritoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲕⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarektoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ taretoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉϥⲧⲟⲟⲩ tareftoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲥⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarestoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ tarntoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲛⲧⲟⲟⲩ taretntoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲟⲩⲧⲟⲟⲩ taroutoou	ⲧⲁⲣⲉⲧⲟⲟⲩ taretoou

Synonyms

(Bohairic) ϣⲱⲡ (šōp)

References

Crum, Walter E. (1939) A Coptic Dictionary‎, Oxford: Clarendon Press, →ISBN, page 441
Černý, Jaroslav (1976) Coptic Etymological Dictionary, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 199

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