ἔσχατος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Possibly for Proto-Indo-European *eǵʰs-katos, from ἐξ (ex, “out”). Compare with ἔγκατα (énkata, “intestines”) and the same difficulty in ἐχθός (ekhthós) = ἐκτός (ektós).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /és.kʰa.tos/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈɛs.kʰa.tos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈes.xa.tos/

Adjective

ἔσχᾰτος • (éskhatos) m (feminine ἐσχᾰ́τη, neuter ἔσχᾰτον); first/second declension

At one end of a continuum
1. (of space) farthest, most remote [+genitive = from something or someone]
  1. last, at the end
  2. at the back, hindmost
  3. lowest
  4. highest
  5. innermost
2. (of time) last, final
3. (of degree) extreme
4. (of quality) best; worst
Neuter ἔσχᾰτον (éskhaton), as substantive: the end, the utmost, the worst

Inflection

First and second declension of ἔσχᾰτος; ἐσχᾰ́τη; ἔσχᾰτον (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ἔσχᾰτος éskhatos	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhátē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἔσχᾰτοι éskhatoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhatai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Genitive	ἐσχᾰ́του eskhátou	ἐσχᾰ́της eskhátēs	ἐσχᾰ́του eskhátou	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhátain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn	ἐσχᾰ́των eskhátōn
Dative	ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhátōi	ἐσχᾰ́τῃ eskhátēi	ἐσχᾰ́τῳ eskhátōi	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́ταιν eskhátain	ἐσχᾰ́τοιν eskhátoin	ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhátois	ἐσχᾰ́ταις eskhátais	ἐσχᾰ́τοις eskhátois
Accusative	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton	ἐσχᾰ́την eskhátēn	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τους eskhátous	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱς eskhátās	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Vocative	ἔσχᾰτε éskhate	ἐσχᾰ́τη eskhátē	ἔσχᾰτον éskhaton	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἐσχᾰ́τᾱ eskhátā	ἐσχᾰ́τω eskhátō	ἔσχᾰτοι éskhatoi	ἔσχᾰται éskhatai	ἔσχᾰτᾰ éskhata
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ἐσχᾰ́τως eskhátōs			—			—
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Antonyms

(of time): πρῶτος (prôtos, “first”)

References

ἔσχατος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
ἔσχατος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
ἔσχατος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
ἔσχατος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press
ἔσχατος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
ἔσχατος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2078 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- abject idem, page 2.
- acute idem, page 10.
- closing idem, page 139.
- concluding idem, page 155.
- distant idem, page 240.
- end idem, page 272.
- excruciating idem, page 289.
- exquisite idem, page 296.
- extreme idem, page 298.
- extremity idem, page 298.
- final idem, page 320.
- furthest idem, page 350.
- highest idem, page 400.
- hind idem, page 400.
- inmost idem, page 442.
- last idem, page 477.
- nethermost idem, page 556.
- out of idem, page 581.
- outermost idem, page 582.
- outlying idem, page 582.
- poignant idem, page 623.
- remote idem, page 694.
- stage idem, page 808.
- supreme idem, page 842.
- thorough-going idem, page 868.
- ultimate idem, page 905.
- utmost idem, page 941.
- utter idem, page 941.
- uttermost idem, page 941.
- verge idem, page 948.
- worst idem, page 990.

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