ἐρύω

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms
  • εἰρύω (eirúō) – Ionic
  • ϝερύω (werúō) – Doric

Etymology

Uncertain, lacking any clear cognates outside of Greek. Possibly Proto-Indo-European *rewH- (“to tear, dig, burrow, gather”) (Latin rudens (“ship's sail”)), or related to ῥυμός (rhumós, “pole”), ῥυμουλκέω (rhumoulkéō, “to pull a towing rope”).

Pronunciation
 

Verb

ἐρύω • (erúō)

  1. (poetic) to draw, drag, pull

Conjugation
   Present: ἐρῠ́ω, ἐρῠ́ομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῠ́ω ἐρῠ́εις ἐρῠ́ει ἐρῠ́ετον ἐρῠ́ετον ἐρῠ́ομεν ἐρῠ́ετε ἐρῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive ἐρῠ́ω ἐρῠ́ῃς ἐρῠ́ῃ ἐρῠ́ητον ἐρῠ́ητον ἐρῠ́ωμεν ἐρῠ́ητε ἐρῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠ́οιμῐ ἐρῠ́οις ἐρῠ́οι ἐρῠ́οιτον ἐρῠοίτην ἐρῠ́οιμεν ἐρῠ́οιτε ἐρῠ́οιεν
imperative   ἔρῠε ἐρῠέτω ἐρῠ́ετον ἐρῠέτων   ἐρῠ́ετε ἐρῠόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρῠ́ομαι ἐρῠ́ῃ,
ἐρῠ́ει		 ἐρῠ́εται ἐρῠ́εσθον ἐρῠ́εσθον ἐρῠόμεθᾰ ἐρῠ́εσθε ἐρῠ́ονται
subjunctive ἐρῠ́ωμαι ἐρῠ́ῃ ἐρῠ́ηται ἐρῠ́ησθον ἐρῠ́ησθον ἐρῠώμεθᾰ ἐρῠ́ησθε ἐρῠ́ωνται
optative ἐρῠοίμην ἐρῠ́οιο ἐρῠ́οιτο ἐρῠ́οισθον ἐρῠοίσθην ἐρῠοίμεθᾰ ἐρῠ́οισθε ἐρῠ́οιντο
imperative   ἐρῠ́ου ἐρῠέσθω ἐρῠ́εσθον ἐρῠέσθων   ἐρῠ́εσθε ἐρῠέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive ἐρῠ́ειν ἐρῠ́εσθαι
participle m ἐρῠ́ων ἐρῠόμενος
f ἐρῠ́ουσᾰ ἐρῠομένη
n ἐρῠ́ον ἐρῠόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Present: εἰρῠ́ω, εἰρῠ́ομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἰρῠ́ω εἰρῠ́εις εἰρῠ́ει εἰρῠ́ετον εἰρῠ́ετον εἰρῠ́ομεν εἰρῠ́ετε εἰρῠ́ουσῐ(ν)
subjunctive εἰρῠ́ω,
εἰρῠ́ωμῐ		 εἰρῠ́ῃς,
εἰρῠ́ῃσθᾰ		 εἰρῠ́ῃ,
εἰρῠ́ῃσῐ		 εἰρῠ́ητον εἰρῠ́ητον εἰρῠ́ωμεν εἰρῠ́ητε εἰρῠ́ωσῐ(ν)
optative εἰρῠ́οιμῐ εἰρῠ́οισ(θᾰ) εἰρῠ́οι εἰρῠ́οιτον εἰρῠοίτην εἰρῠ́οιμεν εἰρῠ́οιτε εἰρῠ́οιεν
imperative   εἴρῠε εἰρῠέτω εἰρῠ́ετον εἰρῠέτων   εἰρῠ́ετε εἰρῠόντων
middle/
passive		 indicative εἰρῠ́ομαι εἰρῠ́εαι εἰρῠ́εται εἰρῠ́εσθον εἰρῠ́εσθον εἰρῠόμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́εσθε εἰρῠ́ονται
subjunctive εἰρῠ́ωμαι,
εἰρῠώμαιμῐ		 εἰρῠ́ηαι,
εἰρῠ́ηαι		 εἰρῠ́ηται,
εἰρῠήταισῐ		 εἰρῠ́ησθον εἰρῠ́ησθον εἰρῠώμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́ησθε εἰρῠ́ωνται
optative εἰρῠοίμην εἰρῠ́οιο εἰρῠ́οιτο εἰρῠ́οισθον εἰρῠοίσθην εἰρῠοίμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́οισθε εἰρῠοίᾰτο
imperative   εἰρῠ́εο εἰρῠέσθω εἰρῠ́εσθον εἰρῠέσθων   εἰρῠ́εσθε εἰρῠέσθων
active middle/passive
infinitive εἰρῠ́ειν/εἰρῠέμεν(αι)/εἰρῠ́μεν(αι) εἰρῠ́εσθαι
participle m εἰρῠ́ων εἰρῠόμενος
f εἰρῠ́ουσᾰ εἰρῠομένη
n εἰρῠ́ον εἰρῠόμενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: εἴρῠον, εἰρῠόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρῠον εἴρῠες εἴρῠε(ν) εἰρῠ́ετον εἰρῠέτην εἰρῠ́ομεν εἰρῠ́ετε εἴρῠον
middle/
passive		 indicative εἰρῠόμην εἰρῠ́ου εἰρῠ́ετο εἰρῠ́εσθον εἰρῠέσθην εἰρῠόμε(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́εσθε εἰρῠ́οντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἔρῠον, ἐρῠόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρῠον ἔρῠες ἔρῠε(ν) ἐρῠ́ετον ἐρῠέτην ἐρῠ́ομεν ἐρῠ́ετε ἔρῠον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρῠόμην ἐρῠ́ου ἐρῠ́ετο ἐρῠ́εσθον ἐρῠέσθην ἐρῠόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́εσθε ἐρῠ́οντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Imperfect: ἐρῠ́εσκον, ἐρῠεσκόμην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῠ́εσκον ἐρῠ́εσκες ἐρῠ́εσκε(ν) ἐρῠέσκετον ἐρῠεσκέτην ἐρῠέσκομεν ἐρῠέσκετε ἐρῠ́εσκον
middle/
passive		 indicative ἐρῠεσκόμην ἐρῠέσκου ἐρῠέσκετο ἐρῠέσκεσθον ἐρῠεσκέσθην ἐρῠεσκόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠέσκεσθε ἐρῠέσκοντο
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρῠ́σω, ἐρῠ́σομαι
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῠ́σω ἐρῠ́σεις ἐρῠ́σει ἐρῠ́σετον ἐρῠ́σετον ἐρῠ́σομεν ἐρῠ́σετε ἐρῠ́σουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠ́σοιμῐ ἐρῠ́σοις ἐρῠ́σοι ἐρῠ́σοιτον ἐρῠσοίτην ἐρῠ́σοιμεν ἐρῠ́σοιτε ἐρῠ́σοιεν
middle indicative ἐρῠ́σομαι ἐρῠ́σῃ,
ἐρῠ́σει		 ἐρῠ́σεται ἐρῠ́σεσθον ἐρῠ́σεσθον ἐρῠσόμεθᾰ ἐρῠ́σεσθε ἐρῠ́σονται
optative ἐρῠσοίμην ἐρῠ́σοιο ἐρῠ́σοιτο ἐρῠ́σοισθον ἐρῠσοίσθην ἐρῠσοίμεθᾰ ἐρῠ́σοισθε ἐρῠ́σοιντο
active middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σειν ἐρῠ́σεσθαι
participle m ἐρῠ́σων ἐρῠσόμενος
f ἐρῠ́σουσᾰ ἐρῠσομένη
n ἐρῠ́σον ἐρῠσόμενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Future: ἐρῠ́σσω, ἐρῠ́σσομαι (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῠ́σσω ἐρῠ́σσεις ἐρῠ́σσει ἐρῠ́σσετον ἐρῠ́σσετον ἐρῠ́σσομεν ἐρῠ́σσετε ἐρῠ́σσουσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠ́σσοιμῐ ἐρῠ́σσοισ(θᾰ) ἐρῠ́σσοι ἐρῠ́σσοιτον ἐρῠσσοίτην ἐρῠ́σσοιμεν ἐρῠ́σσοιτε ἐρῠ́σσοιεν
middle indicative ἐρῠ́σσομαι ἐρῠ́σσεαι ἐρῠ́σσεται ἐρῠ́σσεσθον ἐρῠ́σσεσθον ἐρῠσσόμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσεσθε ἐρῠ́σσονται
optative ἐρῠσσοίμην ἐρῠ́σσοιο ἐρῠ́σσοιτο ἐρῠ́σσοισθον ἐρῠσσοίσθην ἐρῠσσοίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσοισθε ἐρῠσσοίᾰτο
active middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σσειν/ἐρῠσσέμεν(αι)/ἐρῠ́σσμεν(αι) ἐρῠ́σσεσθαι
participle m ἐρῠ́σσων ἐρῠσσόμενος
f ἐρῠ́σσουσᾰ ἐρῠσσομένη
n ἐρῠ́σσον ἐρῠσσόμενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εἴρῠσᾰ, εἰρῠσᾰ́μην
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρῠσᾰ εἴρῠσᾰς εἴρῠσε(ν) εἰρῠ́σᾰτον εἰρῠσᾰ́την εἰρῠ́σᾰμεν εἰρῠ́σᾰτε εἴρῠσᾰν
subjunctive εἰρῠ́σω εἰρῠ́σῃς εἰρῠ́σῃ εἰρῠ́σητον εἰρῠ́σητον εἰρῠ́σωμεν εἰρῠ́σητε εἰρῠ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative εἰρῠ́σαιμῐ εἰρῠ́σειᾰς,
εἰρῠ́σαις		 εἰρῠ́σειε(ν),
εἰρῠ́σαι		 εἰρῠ́σαιτον εἰρῠσαίτην εἰρῠ́σαιμεν εἰρῠ́σαιτε εἰρῠ́σειᾰν,
εἰρῠ́σαιεν
imperative   εἴρῠσον εἰρῠσᾰ́τω εἰρῠ́σᾰτον εἰρῠσᾰ́των   εἰρῠ́σᾰτε εἰρῠσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative εἰρῠσᾰ́μην εἰρῠ́σω εἰρῠ́σᾰτο εἰρῠ́σᾰσθον εἰρῠσᾰ́σθην εἰρῠσᾰ́μεθᾰ εἰρῠ́σᾰσθε εἰρῠ́σᾰντο
subjunctive εἰρῠ́σωμαι εἰρῠ́σῃ εἰρῠ́σηται εἰρῠ́σησθον εἰρῠ́σησθον εἰρῠσώμεθᾰ εἰρῠ́σησθε εἰρῠ́σωνται
optative εἰρῠσαίμην εἰρῠ́σαιο εἰρῠ́σαιτο εἰρῠ́σαισθον εἰρῠσαίσθην εἰρῠσαίμεθᾰ εἰρῠ́σαισθε εἰρῠ́σαιντο
imperative   εἴρῠσαι εἰρῠσᾰ́σθω εἰρῠ́σᾰσθον εἰρῠσᾰ́σθων   εἰρῠ́σᾰσθε εἰρῠσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive εἰρῠ́σαι εἰρῠ́σᾰσθαι
participle m εἰρῠ́σᾱς εἰρῠσᾰ́μενος
f εἰρῠ́σᾱσᾰ εἰρῠσᾰμένη
n εἰρῠ́σᾰν εἰρῠσᾰ́μενον
Notes: This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For conjugation in dialects other than Attic, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἔρῠσᾰ, ἐρῠσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἔρῠσᾰ ἔρῠσᾰς ἔρῠσε(ν) ἐρῠ́σᾰτον ἐρῠσᾰ́την ἐρῠ́σᾰμεν ἐρῠ́σᾰτε ἔρῠσᾰν
subjunctive ἐρῠ́σω,
ἐρῠ́σωμῐ		 ἐρῠ́σῃς,
ἐρῠ́σῃσθᾰ		 ἐρῠ́σῃ,
ἐρῠ́σῃσῐ		 ἐρῠ́σητον ἐρῠ́σητον ἐρῠ́σωμεν ἐρῠ́σητε ἐρῠ́σωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠ́σαιμῐ ἐρῠ́σαις,
ἐρῠ́σαισθᾰ,
ἐρῠ́σειᾰς		 ἐρῠ́σειε(ν),
ἐρῠ́σαι		 ἐρῠσεῖτον ἐρῠσείτην ἐρῠσεῖμεν ἐρῠσεῖτε ἐρῠσεῖεν
imperative   ἔρῠσον ἐρῠσᾰ́τω ἐρῠ́σᾰτον ἐρῠσᾰ́των   ἐρῠ́σᾰτε ἐρῠσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρῠσᾰ́μην ἐρῠ́σω ἐρῠ́σᾰτο ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον ἐρῠσᾰ́σθην ἐρῠσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε ἐρῠ́σᾰντο
subjunctive ἐρῠ́σωμαι,
ἐρῠσώμαιμῐ		 ἐρῠ́σηαι,
ἐρῠ́σηαι		 ἐρῠ́σηται,
ἐρῠσήταισῐ		 ἐρῠ́σησθον ἐρῠ́σησθον ἐρῠσώμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σησθε ἐρῠ́σωνται
optative ἐρῠσαίμην ἐρῠ́σαιο ἐρῠ́σαιτο ἐρῠ́σαισθον ἐρῠσαίσθην ἐρῠσαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σαισθε ἐρῠσαίᾰτο
imperative   ἔρῠσαι ἐρῠσᾰ́σθω ἐρῠ́σᾰσθον ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων   ἐρῠ́σᾰσθε ἐρῠσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σαι/ἐρῠσᾰ́μεν/ἐρῠσᾰμέναι ἐρῠ́σᾰσθαι
participle m ἐρῠ́σᾱς ἐρῠσᾰ́μενος
f ἐρῠ́σᾱσᾰ ἐρῠσᾰμένη
n ἐρῠ́σᾰν ἐρῠσᾰ́μενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: εἴρῠσσᾰ, εἰρῠσσᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative εἴρῠσσᾰ εἴρῠσσᾰς εἴρῠσσε(ν) εἰρῠ́σσᾰτον εἰρῠσσᾰ́την εἰρῠ́σσᾰμεν εἰρῠ́σσᾰτε εἴρῠσσᾰν
subjunctive ἐρῠ́σσω,
ἐρῠ́σσωμῐ		 ἐρῠ́σσῃς,
ἐρῠ́σσῃσθᾰ		 ἐρῠ́σσῃ,
ἐρῠ́σσῃσῐ		 ἐρῠ́σσητον ἐρῠ́σσητον ἐρύσσομεν ἐρῠ́σσητε ἐρῠ́σσωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠ́σσαιμῐ ἐρῠ́σσαις,
ἐρῠ́σσαισθᾰ,
ἐρῠ́σσειᾰς		 ἐρῠ́σσειε(ν),
ἐρῠ́σσαι		 ἐρῠσσεῖτον ἐρῠσσείτην ἐρῠσσεῖμεν ἐρῠσσεῖτε ἐρῠσσεῖεν
imperative   ἔρῠσσον ἐρῠσσᾰ́τω ἐρῠ́σσᾰτον ἐρῠσσᾰ́των   ἐρῠ́σσᾰτε ἐρῠσσᾰ́ντων
middle indicative εἰρῠσσᾰ́μην εἰρῠ́σσω εἰρῠ́σσᾰτο εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθον εἰρῠσσᾰ́σθην εἰρῠσσᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ εἰρῠ́σσᾰσθε εἰρῠ́σσᾰντο
subjunctive ἐρῠ́σσωμαι,
ἐρῠσσώμαιμῐ		 ἐρῠ́σσηαι,
ἐρῠ́σσηαι		 ἐρῠ́σσηται,
ἐρῠσσήταισῐ		 ἐρῠ́σσησθον ἐρῠ́σσησθον ἐρῠσσώμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσησθε ἐρῠ́σσωνται
optative ἐρῠσσαίμην ἐρῠ́σσαιο ἐρῠ́σσαιτο ἐρῠ́σσαισθον ἐρῠσσαίσθην ἐρῠσσαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠ́σσαισθε ἐρῠσσαίᾰτο
imperative   ἔρῠσσαι ἐρῠσσᾰ́σθω ἐρῠ́σσᾰσθον ἐρῠσσᾰ́σθων   ἐρῠ́σσᾰσθε ἐρῠσσᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἐρῠ́σσαι ἐρῠ́σσᾰσθαι
participle m ἐρῠ́σσᾱς ἐρῠσσᾰ́μενος
f ἐρῠ́σσᾱσᾰ ἐρῠσσᾰμένη
n ἐρῠ́σσᾰν ἐρῠσσᾰ́μενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.
   Aorist: ἐρῠ́σασκᾰ, ἐρῠσασκᾰ́μην (Epic)
number singular dual plural
first second third second third first second third
active indicative ἐρῠ́σασκᾰ ἐρῠ́σασκᾰς ἐρῠ́σασκε(ν) ἐρῠσάσκᾰτον ἐρῠσασκᾰ́την ἐρῠσάσκᾰμεν ἐρῠσάσκᾰτε ἐρῠ́σασκᾰν
subjunctive ἐρῠσάσκω,
ἐρῠσάσκωμῐ		 ἐρῠσάσκῃς,
ἐρῠσάσκῃσθᾰ		 ἐρῠσάσκῃ,
ἐρῠσάσκῃσῐ		 ἐρῠσάσκητον ἐρῠσάσκητον ἐρῠσάσκωμεν ἐρῠσάσκητε ἐρῠσάσκωσῐ(ν)
optative ἐρῠσάσκαιμῐ ἐρῠσάσκαις,
ἐρῠσάσκαισθᾰ,
ἐρῠσάσκειᾰς		 ἐρῠσάσκειε(ν),
ἐρῠσάσκαι		 ἐρῠσασκεῖτον ἐρῠσασκείτην ἐρῠσασκεῖμεν ἐρῠσασκεῖτε ἐρῠσασκεῖεν
imperative   ἐρῠ́σασκον ἐρῠσασκᾰ́τω ἐρῠσάσκᾰτον ἐρῠσασκᾰ́των   ἐρῠσάσκᾰτε ἐρῠσασκᾰ́ντων
middle indicative ἐρῠσασκᾰ́μην ἐρῠσάσκω ἐρῠσάσκᾰτο ἐρῠσάσκᾰσθον ἐρῠσασκᾰ́σθην ἐρῠσασκᾰ́με(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠσάσκᾰσθε ἐρῠσάσκᾰντο
subjunctive ἐρῠσάσκωμαι,
ἐρῠσασκώμαιμῐ		 ἐρῠσάσκηαι,
ἐρῠσάσκηαι		 ἐρῠσάσκηται,
ἐρῠσασκήταισῐ		 ἐρῠσάσκησθον ἐρῠσάσκησθον ἐρῠσασκώμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠσάσκησθε ἐρῠσάσκωνται
optative ἐρῠσασκαίμην ἐρῠσάσκαιο ἐρῠσάσκαιτο ἐρῠσάσκαισθον ἐρῠσασκαίσθην ἐρῠσασκαίμε(σ)θᾰ ἐρῠσάσκαισθε ἐρῠσασκαίᾰτο
imperative   ἐρῠ́σασκαι ἐρῠσασκᾰ́σθω ἐρῠσάσκᾰσθον ἐρῠσασκᾰ́σθων   ἐρῠσάσκᾰσθε ἐρῠσασκᾰ́σθων
active middle
infinitive ἐρῠσᾶσκαι/ἐρῠσασκᾰ́μεν/ἐρῠσασκᾰμέναι ἐρῠσάσκᾰσθαι
participle m ἐρῠσάσκᾱς ἐρῠσασκᾰ́μενος
f ἐρῠσάσκᾱσᾰ ἐρῠσασκᾰμένη
n ἐρῠσᾶσκᾰν ἐρῠσασκᾰ́μενον
Notes: Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms are based on conjecture. Use with caution. For more details, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal conjugation.

Further reading
  • ἐρύω in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
  • ἐρύω in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
  • ἐρύω in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press

References
  • Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill
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