ἀγαθός

See also: αγαθός

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

ἀγασός (agasós) – Laconian
ἀζαθός (azathós) – Arcadocypriot

Etymology

Possibly from Proto-Hellenic *əgatʰós, from Proto-Indo-European *m̥ǵh₂-dʰh₁-ós (“made great; whose deeds are great”), from *méǵh₂s (“great”) + *dʰeh₁- (“do”) + *-ós. However, Beekes rejects an Indo-European etymology and assigns it as a Pre-Greek borrowing instead.[1]

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /a.ɡa.tʰós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /a.ɡaˈtʰos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /a.ɣaˈθos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /a.ɣaˈθos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /a.ɣaˈθos/

Adjective

ᾰ̓γᾰθός • (agathós) m (feminine ᾰ̓γᾰθή, neuter ᾰ̓γᾰθόν); first/second declension

Declension

First and second declension of ᾰ̓γᾰθός; ᾰ̓γᾰθή; ᾰ̓γᾰθόν (Attic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	ᾰ̓γᾰθός agathós	ᾰ̓γᾰθή agathḗ	ᾰ̓γᾰθόν agathón	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾱ́ agathā́	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθοί agathoí	ᾰ̓γᾰθαί agathaí	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾰ́ agathá
Genitive	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῦ agathoû	ᾰ̓γᾰθῆς agathês	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῦ agathoû	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖν agathoîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθαῖν agathaîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖν agathoîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθῶν agathôn	ᾰ̓γᾰθῶν agathôn	ᾰ̓γᾰθῶν agathôn
Dative	ᾰ̓γᾰθῷ agathôi	ᾰ̓γᾰθῇ agathêi	ᾰ̓γᾰθῷ agathôi	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖν agathoîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθαῖν agathaîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖν agathoîn	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖς agathoîs	ᾰ̓γᾰθαῖς agathaîs	ᾰ̓γᾰθοῖς agathoîs
Accusative	ᾰ̓γᾰθόν agathón	ᾰ̓γᾰθήν agathḗn	ᾰ̓γᾰθόν agathón	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾱ́ agathā́	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθούς agathoús	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾱ́ς agathā́s	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾰ́ agathá
Vocative	ᾰ̓γᾰθέ agathé	ᾰ̓γᾰθή agathḗ	ᾰ̓γᾰθόν agathón	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾱ́ agathā́	ᾰ̓γᾰθώ agathṓ	ᾰ̓γᾰθοί agathoí	ᾰ̓γᾰθαί agathaí	ᾰ̓γᾰθᾰ́ agathá
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	ᾰ̓γᾰθῶς agathôs			ᾰ̓γᾰθώτερος / ἀμείνων / ἀρείων / βελτίων / κρείττων / λῴων / φέρτερος agathṓteros / ameínōn / areíōn / beltíōn / kreíttōn / lṓiōn / phérteros			ᾰ̓γᾰθώτᾰτος / ἄριστος / βέλτιστος / κράτιστος / λῷστος / φέρτατος agathṓtatos / áristos / béltistos / krátistos / lôistos / phértatos
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

Αγαθάνωρ (Agathánōr)
Ἀγάθαρχος (Agátharkhos)
Ἀγαθή (Agathḗ)
Ἀγαθήμερος (Agathḗmeros)
ἀγαθοεργέω (agathoergéō)
Ἀγαθόκλεια (Agathókleia)
Ἀγαθοκλῆς (Agathoklês)
ἀγαθοποιέω (agathopoiéō)
ἀγαθοποιΐα (agathopoiḯa)
ἀγαθοποιός (agathopoiós)
Ἀγάθων (Agáthōn)
ἀγαθωσύνη (agathōsúnē)
καλοκαγαθία (kalokagathía)

Descendants

Coptic: ⲁⲅⲁⲑⲟⲥ (agathos)
Greek: αγαθός (agathós)

References

Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀγαθός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 7

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[1] Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010), “ἀγαθός”, in Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), volume I, with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, page 7