ḥs

See also: hs, HS, Hs, hS, h's, and H's

Egyptian

Pronunciation

Verb

 2-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) cold or freezing [since the Middle Kingdom]

Inflection
Conjugation of ḥs (biliteral / 2-lit. / 2rad.) — base stem: ḥs, geminated stem: ḥss
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
ḥs
 ḥsw, ḥs
 ḥst
 ḥs, j.ḥs
 ḥs, j.ḥs
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
ḥs
 ḥr ḥs
 m ḥs
 r ḥs
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active contingent
aspect / mood active
perfect ḥs.n
 consecutive ḥs.jn
terminative ḥst
perfective3 ḥs
 obligative ḥs.ḫr
imperfective ḥs, j.ḥs1
prospective3 ḥs
 potentialis ḥs.kꜣ
subjunctive ḥs, j.ḥs1
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active active passive
perfect ḥs.n
 — —
perfective ḥs
 ḥs
 ḥss, ḥssj6, ḥs2, ḥsw2 5, ḥsy2 5
imperfective j.ḥs1, ḥs, ḥsy, ḥsw5
 j.ḥs1, j.ḥsw1 5, ḥs, ḥsj6, ḥsy6
 ḥs, ḥsw5
prospective ḥs, ḥstj7
 ḥstj4, ḥst4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  
ḥs ḥs ḥs
[12th Dynasty]
from the Stela of Nesumontu (Louvre C1)

Noun

 m

  1. (uncountable) feces, excrement (of humans or animals) [since the Pyramid Texts]

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of ḥs  



ḥs ḥs ḥs ḥs ḥs
[Old Kingdom] [Old Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [Middle Kingdom] [New Kingdom]
in papyri;
abbreviation

Descendants
  • Coptic: ϩⲟⲥ (hos)

References
  • Faulkner, Raymond (1962) A Concise Dictionary of Middle Egyptian, Oxford: Griffith Institute, →ISBN, page 177
  • Erman, Adolf; Grapow, Hermann (1929) Wörterbuch der ägyptischen Sprache, volume 3, Berlin: Akademie-Verlag, →ISBN, page 164.4–164.9, 166.1
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 261.
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