जयति

Sanskrit

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-Aryan *ȷ́áyati, from Proto-Indo-Iranian *ǰáyati, from Proto-Indo-European *gʷéy-e-ti, from *gʷey- (“to win, conquer”). Cognate with Ancient Greek βῐ́ᾱ (bíā, “force”).

Pronunciation

(Vedic) IPA^(key): /d͡ʑɐ́.jɐ.t̪i/
(Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈd͡ʑɐ.jɐ.t̪i/

Verb

जयति • (jáyati) (root जि, class 1, type P, present)

to conquer, defeat, vanquish, win
- c. 1700 BCE – 1200 BCE, Ṛgveda 4.50.9:
  अप्रतीतो जयति सं धनानि प्रतिजन्यान्युत या सजन्या ।
  अवस्यवे यो वरिवः कृणोति ब्रह्मणे राजा तमवन्ति देवाः ॥
  apratīto jayati saṃ dhanāni pratijanyānyuta yā sajanyā .
  avasyave yo varivaḥ kṛṇoti brahmaṇe rājā tamavanti devāḥ .
  He, unopposed, is master of the riches of his own subjects and of hostile people.
  The Gods uphold that King with their protection who helps the Brahman when he seeks his favour.
to acquire, gain
to overcome
to expel from
"long live"

Inflection

Present thematic conjugation of जयति

Active voice	Present	Imperfect	Imperative	Optative
Active voice	Present	Imperfect	Imperative	Optative
1st singular	जयामि	अजयम्	जयानि	जयेयम्
2nd singular	जयसि	अजयः	जय	जयेः
3rd singular	जयति	अजयत्	जयतु	जयेत्
1st dual	जयावः	अजयाव	जयाव	जयेव
2nd dual	जयथः	अजयतम्	जयतम्	जयेतम्
3rd dual	जयतः	अजयताम्	जयताम्	जयेताम्
1st plural	जयामः	अजयाम	जयाम	जयेम
2nd plural	जयथ	अजयत	जयत	जयेत
3rd plural	जयन्ति	अजयन्	जयन्तु	जयेयुः
Participle	जयन्
Middle voice	Present	Imperfect	Imperative	Optative
Middle voice	Present	Imperfect	Imperative	Optative
1st singular	जये	अजये	जयै	जयेय
2nd singular	जयसे	अजयथाः	जयस्व	जयेथाः
3rd singular	जयते	अजयत	जयताम्	जयेत
1st dual	जयावहे	अजयावहि	जयावहै	जयेवहि
2nd dual	जयेथे	अजयेथाम्	जयेथाम्	जयेयाथाम्
3rd dual	जयेते	अजयेताम्	जयेताम्	जयेयाताम्
1st plural	जयामहे	अजयामहि	जयामहै	जयेमहि
2nd plural	जयध्वे	अजयध्वम्	जयध्वम्	जयेध्वम्
3rd plural	जयन्ते	अजयन्त	जयन्ताम्	जयेरन्
Participle	जयमानः

Perfect conjugation of जिगाय, जिग्ये

	Active	Middle
	Active	Middle
1st singular	जिगय/जिगाय	जिग्ये
2nd singular	जिगयिथ	जिग्यिषे
3rd singular	जिगाय	जिग्ये
1st dual	जिग्यिव	जिग्यिवहे
2nd dual	जिग्यथुः	जिग्याथे
3rd dual	जिग्यतुः	जिग्याते
1st plural	जिग्यिम	जिग्यिमहे
2nd plural	जिग्य	जिग्यिध्वे
3rd plural	जिग्युः	जिग्यिरे
Participle	जिग्यिवान्	जिग्यानः

References

Monier Williams (1899), “जयति”, in A Sanskrit–English Dictionary, […], new edition, Oxford: At the Clarendon Press, OCLC 458052227, page 420.

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