चन्दन

Hindi

Etymology

Noun

चन्दन • (candan) m (Urdu spelling چندن‎)

sandalwood

Sanskrit

Etymology

Usually derived from चन्दति (candati, “to shine”), but probably a Dravidian borrowing: compare Tamil [script needed] (cāntu, “Santalum tree”), [script needed] (cāntam, “sandalwood”), Malayalam [script needed] (cāntu, “sandal paste”).

Noun

चन्दन • (candana) m

sandalwood

Declension

Masculine a-stem declension of चन्दन
Nom. sg.	चन्दनः (candanaḥ)
Gen. sg.	चन्दनस्य (candanasya)
	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	चन्दनः (candanaḥ)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)
Vocative	चन्दन (candana)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनाः (candanāḥ)
Accusative	चन्दनम् (candanam)	चन्दनौ (candanau)	चन्दनान् (candanān)
Instrumental	चन्दनेन (candanena)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनैः (candanaiḥ)
Dative	चन्दनाय (candanāya)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
Ablative	चन्दनात् (candanāt)	चन्दनाभ्याम् (candanābhyām)	चन्दनेभ्यः (candanebhyaḥ)
Genitive	चन्दनस्य (candanasya)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनानाम् (candanānām)
Locative	चन्दने (candane)	चन्दनयोः (candanayoḥ)	चन्दनेषु (candaneṣu)

Descendants

Assamese: চন্দন (sondon)
Bengali: চন্দন (côndôn)
→ Byzantine Greek: τζανδάναν (tzandánan) (in Cosmas Indicopleustes)
→ Middle Chinese: 栴檀 (MC t͡ɕiᴇn dɑn)
- Cantonese: 栴檀 (zin1 taan4)
- Mandarin: 栴檀 (zhāntán)
- → Japanese: 栴檀 (sendan)
Gujarati: ચંદન (candan)
Hindi: चन्दन (candan)
→ Lao: ຈັນ (jan)
Malay: cendana
- Indonesian: cendana
→ Middle Persian: cndl (čandal)
- Persian: چندل‎ (čandal), چندن‎ (čandan), چندان‎ (čandân)
  - → Middle Armenian: ճանդալ (čandal), չանդան (čʿandan)
- → Arabic: صَنْدَل‎ (ṣandal)
  - → Ancient Greek: σάνδαλον (sándalon)
    - Ancient Greek: σανδάλιον (sandálion)
      - → Latin: sandalium
        Medieval Latin: sandalum
        Old French: sandale
        French: santal
        
        → English: sandal
        English: sandalwood
  - → Russian: санда́л (sandál)
- → Classical Syriac: ܨܢܕܠ‎ (ṣandal)
→ Kannada: ಚಂದನ (candana)
→ Mongolian: зандан (zandan), ᠽᠠᠨᠳᠠᠨ (zandan)
→ Old Armenian: ճանդան (čandan) (via an Iranian language)
→ Pashto: چندنړ‎ (čandaṛṇ)
Punjabi: ਚੰਦਨ (cãdan)
→ Sogdian: [script needed] (cntn /čandan/)
→ Tamil: சந்தன (cantaṉa)
→ Telugu: చందనము (candanamu)
→ Thai: จันทน์ (jan)
→ Classical Tibetan: ཙན་དན
- Dzongkha: ཙན་དན (tsende)
- Tibetan: ཙན་དན (tsan dan)

References

Mayrhofer, Manfred (1956) Kurzgefasstes Etymologisches Wörterbuch des Altindischen [A Concise Etymological Sanskrit Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Heidelberg: Carl Winter Universitätsverlag, page 373
Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1977), “ճանդան”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume III, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 183b
Martirosyan, Hrach (2014), “Armenian čandari ‘plane tree’”, in Iran and the Caucasus‎, volume 18, issue 1, pages 51–63
Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 1825, page 145a

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