گناه

• جناه‎ (cünah)

From Persian گناه‎ (gonâh).

گناه • (günah)

1. sin

• گناه ایشلمك‎ (günah işlemek)

• Turkish: günah
• → Albanian: gjynah
• → Armenian:
  • Istanbul: գո̈ւնահ (günah)
  • Van: գո̈ւնախ (günax)
• → Hungarian: bűn (possibly)
• → Serbo-Croatian: đùnāh/ђу̀на̄х, gùnāh/гу̀на̄х

• گنه‎ (gonah) (archaic)

From Middle Persian [Book Pahlavi needed] (wnʾs /wināh/), 𐫇𐫏𐫗𐫀𐫍‎ (wynʾh /wināh/, “sin, crime”), ultimately from the Proto-Iranian preverb *vi- and the root *nas- (“to disappear; to perish”), from Proto-Indo-European *neḱ- (“to perish, to disappear”). Akin to Old Armenian վնաս (vnas) (from Iranian), Old Georgian უნასი (unasi) (from Iranian), Baluchi [script needed] (gunās), Kurdish binas (binās) and Sanskrit विनाश (vināśa),

• (Iranian Persian) IPA^(key): /ɡoˈnɒːh/
• (Dari) IPA^(key): /ɡʊˈnɒːh/

گناه • (gonâh) (plural گناهان‎ (gonâhân) or گناه‌ها‎ (gonâh-hâ))

1. sin
2. crime, guilt
   • 11th century, Abul-Fazl Bayhaqi, Tarikh-e Beyhaqi

     ‏امیر گفت: پس از حسنک درین باب چه گناه بوده است؟ که اگر راه بادیه آمدی در خون آنهمه خلق شدی‎

     Amir goft: "pas az Hasanak darin bâb če gonâh bude ast? ke agar râh-e bâdiye âmadi, dar xun-e ânhame xalq šodi."

     Amir said: "So what was Hasanak's crime here? For if he would come through the desert route, he would have been responsible for the blood of so many people."

• بی‌گناه‎ (bi-gonâh)
• گناه‌کار‎ (gonâh-kâr)
• گناه کبیره‎ (gonâh-e kabire)

• → Tajik: гуноҳ (gunoh)
  • → Uzbek: gunoh
• → Arabic: جُنَاح‎ (junāḥ) (from Middle Persian)
  • → Persian: جناح‎ (jonâh) (rare)
• → Azerbaijani: günəh, günah
  • → Armenian:
    • Karabakh: գո̈ւնա̈հ (günäh)
• → Bashkir: гонаһ (gonah)
• → Kazakh: күнә (künä)
• → Kurdish:
  • Central Kurdish: گوناح‎ (gunaḧ), گوناھ‎ (gunah)
  • Northern Kurdish: gune, guneh, guna, gunah
• → Kyrgyz: күнөө (künöö)
• → Ottoman Turkish: گناه‎ (günah), جناه‎ (cünah)
  • Turkish: günah
  • → Albanian: gjynah
  • → Armenian:
    • Istanbul: գո̈ւնահ (günah)
    • Van: գո̈ւնախ (günax)
  • → Hungarian: bűn (possibly)
  • → Serbo-Croatian: đùnāh/ђу̀на̄х, gùnāh/гу̀на̄х
• → Tatar: гөнаһ (gönah)
• → Turkmen: günä / гүнә

• MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “wināh”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 91
• Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “վնաս”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, page 347
• Cheung, Johnny (2007), “*nas”, in Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, pages 282ff
• Nyberg, H. S. (1974), “vinās”, in A Manual of Pahlavi, Part II: Glossary, Wiesbaden: Otto Harrassowitz, page 213a