عطارد

• From the root ط ر د‎ (ṭ-r-d) meaning, "to chase or chase away", "to race or race after", "to cause something to pick up speed", "to outstrip", "follow swiftly"; related to the planet having the shortest orbital period and its eccentric periods of velocity, an association found cross-culturally via observation. The atypical /ع/ occurs occasionally in some Arabic dialects in replacement of /أ/ due to the pharyngeal-aspect of a nearby emphatic consonant, namely /ط/.
• A variation of ع ط د‎ (ʿ-ṭ-d) meaning "to be extreme" in many senses including "to go at a very quick pace", "to be most hasty", "a very quick rate of going". Alternatively, ع ط د‎ (ʿ-ṭ-d) or at least that sense derives from a later augmentation of this more popular form.

• IPA^(key): /ʕu.tˁaː.rid/

عُطَارِد • (ʿuṭārid) m

1. (astronomy) Mercury (planet)

• الكُتْبَي‎ (al-kutbay, “the scribe, the record-keeper, the accountant, the cleric, the cleric, the librarian”)
• أَنْبَي‎ (ʾanbay, “the caller, the informer, the announcer; the announcer of the account, informer of what really happened”)
• مُنْعِم‎ (munʿim, “the one that has been favored, the agreeable one”)

• (planets of the Solar System) كَوَاكِب الْمَجْمُوعَة الشَّمْسِيَّة‎ (kawākib al-majmūʿa aš-šamsiyya); عُطَارِد (ʿuṭārid), الزُّهَرَة‎ (az-zuhara), الْأَرْض‎ (al-ʾarḍ), الْمِرِّيخ‎ (al-mirrīḵ), الْمُشْتَرِي‎ (al-muštarī), زُحَل‎ (zuḥal), أُورَانُوس‎ (ʾuranōs), نِبْتُون‎ (nebtūn)

• Freytag, Georg (1835), “عطارد”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 176