عجم

Arabic

Etymology

From the root ع ج م (ʿ-j-m). The word عَجَم (ʿajam, non-Arabs) is from a pre-Islamic form أَعْجَم (ʾaʿjam), from the root ع ج م (ʿ-j-m), referring to people who speak unclearly (thus reflecting the same semantic evolution as Ancient Greek βάρβαρος (bárbaros, barbarian)).

Noun

عَجَم (ʿajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمِيّ (ʿajamiyy), plural أَعْجَام (ʾaʿjām))

  1. non-Arabs (as foreigners or barbarians)
  2. (historical) Persians.
    Synonym: فُرْس (furs)

Usage notes

  • The affective value attributed to the word depends on the point of view of the user, and the historical period. For example, it had a markedly negative connotation during the Umayyad period, whereas it was often quite positive in the Abbasid period, when Iranians had much political and social influence.

Declension

Synonyms

Antonyms

Descendants

  • → Middle Armenian: աճամ (ačam)
  • → Persian: عجم ('ajam)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: عجم (acem)
      • Turkish: acem
      • → Armenian: աճեմ (ačem), ա̈ջա̈մ (äǰäm)

Verb

عَجَمَ (ʿajama) I, non-past يَعْجُمُ‎ (yaʿjumu)

  1. to bite, to chew
  2. to try, to test

Conjugation

Verb

عَجَّمَ (ʿajjama) II, non-past يُعَجِّمُ‎ (yuʿajjimu)

  1. to point the text, to write distinguishing marks to it

Conjugation

Noun

عَجْم (ʿajm) m

  1. verbal noun of عَجَمَ (ʿajama) (form I)

Declension

Noun

عَجَم (ʿajam) m (collective, singulative عَجَمَة (ʿajama))

  1. stones, kernels, pits, pips, fruit seeds

Declension

References


Persian

Etymology

From Arabic عَجَم (ʿajam, non-Arab, Persian).

Noun

عجم ('ajam)

  1. Ajam, Persian
    بسی رنج بردم در این سال سی
    عجم زنده كردم بدین پارسی
    Basē ranj burdam dar īn sāl sī.
    'Ajam zinda kardam badīn Pārsī.
    Much toil have I borne in these thirty years.
    I have revived the Persians with this Persian [work].
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