عتر
Arabic
Etymology
From the root ع ت ر (ʿ-t-r).
Verb
عَتَرَ • (ʿatara) I, non-past يَعْتِرُ (yaʿtiru)
- to slaughter for offering, to sacrifice (a عَتِيرَة (ʿatīra))
- 7th century CE, Sunan an-Nasāʾiyy, 41:5:
- فَقَالَ رَجُلٌ مِنَ النَّاسِ «يَا رَسُولَ اللَّهِ الْعَتَائِرُ وَٱلْفَرَائِعُ؟» قَالَ «مَنْ شَاءَ عَتَرَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يَعْتِرْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَرَّعَ وَمَنْ شَاءَ لَمْ يُفَرِّعْ فِي الْغَنَمِ أُضْحِيَتُهَا»
- faqāla rajulun mina n-nāsi “yā rasūla l-lahi l-ʿatāʾiru wal-farāʾiʿu?” qāla “man šāʾa ʿatara waman šāʾa lam yaʿtir waman šāʾa farraʿa waman šāʾa lam yufarriʿ fī l-ḡanami ʾuḍḥiyatuhā”
- Then a man among the people said: “O Messenger of Allah, what about the goat slaughter and goat firstling slaughter?“ He said: Whoso wishes to offer a goat may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. Whoso wishes to offer a firstling may do so, and whoso does not wish to may not. And with regard to sheep, a sacrifice should be made.”
-
Conjugation
Conjugation of
عَتَرَ
(form-I sound, verbal noun عَتْر)| verbal noun الْمَصْدَر |
عَتْر ʿatr | |||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل |
عَاتِر ʿātir | |||||||||||
| passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول |
مَعْتُور maʿtūr | |||||||||||
| active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عَتَرْتُ ʿatartu |
عَتَرْتَ ʿatarta |
عَتَرَ ʿatara |
عَتَرْتُمَا ʿatartumā |
عَتَرَا ʿatarā |
عَتَرْنَا ʿatarnā |
عَتَرْتُمْ ʿatartum |
عَتَرُوا ʿatarū | |||
| f | عَتَرْتِ ʿatarti |
عَتَرَتْ ʿatarat |
عَتَرَتَا ʿataratā |
عَتَرْتُنَّ ʿatartunna |
عَتَرْنَ ʿatarna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أَعْتِرُ ʾaʿtiru |
تَعْتِرُ taʿtiru |
يَعْتِرُ yaʿtiru |
تَعْتِرَانِ taʿtirāni |
يَعْتِرَانِ yaʿtirāni |
نَعْتِرُ naʿtiru |
تَعْتِرُونَ taʿtirūna |
يَعْتِرُونَ yaʿtirūna | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِينَ taʿtirīna |
تَعْتِرُ taʿtiru |
تَعْتِرَانِ taʿtirāni |
تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna |
يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أَعْتِرَ ʾaʿtira |
تَعْتِرَ taʿtira |
يَعْتِرَ yaʿtira |
تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā |
يَعْتِرَا yaʿtirā |
نَعْتِرَ naʿtira |
تَعْتِرُوا taʿtirū |
يَعْتِرُوا yaʿtirū | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِي taʿtirī |
تَعْتِرَ taʿtira |
تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā |
تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna |
يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أَعْتِرْ ʾaʿtir |
تَعْتِرْ taʿtir |
يَعْتِرْ yaʿtir |
تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā |
يَعْتِرَا yaʿtirā |
نَعْتِرْ naʿtir |
تَعْتِرُوا taʿtirū |
يَعْتِرُوا yaʿtirū | |||
| f | تَعْتِرِي taʿtirī |
تَعْتِرْ taʿtir |
تَعْتِرَا taʿtirā |
تَعْتِرْنَ taʿtirna |
يَعْتِرْنَ yaʿtirna | |||||||
| imperative الْأَمْر |
m | اِعْتِرْ iʿtir |
اِعْتِرَا iʿtirā |
اِعْتِرُوا iʿtirū |
||||||||
| f | اِعْتِرِي iʿtirī |
اِعْتِرْنَ iʿtirna | ||||||||||
| passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول | ||||||||||||
| singular الْمُفْرَد |
dual الْمُثَنَّى |
plural الْجَمْع | ||||||||||
| 1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب |
1st person الْمُتَكَلِّم |
2nd person الْمُخَاطَب |
3rd person الْغَائِب | |||||
| past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي |
m | عُتِرْتُ ʿutirtu |
عُتِرْتَ ʿutirta |
عُتِرَ ʿutira |
عُتِرْتُمَا ʿutirtumā |
عُتِرَا ʿutirā |
عُتِرْنَا ʿutirnā |
عُتِرْتُمْ ʿutirtum |
عُتِرُوا ʿutirū | |||
| f | عُتِرْتِ ʿutirti |
عُتِرَتْ ʿutirat |
عُتِرَتَا ʿutiratā |
عُتِرْتُنَّ ʿutirtunna |
عُتِرْنَ ʿutirna | |||||||
| non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع |
m | أُعْتَرُ ʾuʿtaru |
تُعْتَرُ tuʿtaru |
يُعْتَرُ yuʿtaru |
تُعْتَرَانِ tuʿtarāni |
يُعْتَرَانِ yuʿtarāni |
نُعْتَرُ nuʿtaru |
تُعْتَرُونَ tuʿtarūna |
يُعْتَرُونَ yuʿtarūna | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِينَ tuʿtarīna |
تُعْتَرُ tuʿtaru |
تُعْتَرَانِ tuʿtarāni |
تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna |
يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
| subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب |
m | أُعْتَرَ ʾuʿtara |
تُعْتَرَ tuʿtara |
يُعْتَرَ yuʿtara |
تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā |
يُعْتَرَا yuʿtarā |
نُعْتَرَ nuʿtara |
تُعْتَرُوا tuʿtarū |
يُعْتَرُوا yuʿtarū | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِي tuʿtarī |
تُعْتَرَ tuʿtara |
تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā |
تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna |
يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
| jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم |
m | أُعْتَرْ ʾuʿtar |
تُعْتَرْ tuʿtar |
يُعْتَرْ yuʿtar |
تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā |
يُعْتَرَا yuʿtarā |
نُعْتَرْ nuʿtar |
تُعْتَرُوا tuʿtarū |
يُعْتَرُوا yuʿtarū | |||
| f | تُعْتَرِي tuʿtarī |
تُعْتَرْ tuʿtar |
تُعْتَرَا tuʿtarā |
تُعْتَرْنَ tuʿtarna |
يُعْتَرْنَ yuʿtarna | |||||||
Noun
عِتْر • (ʿitr) m (collective, singulative عِتْرَة (ʿitra))
- original state, natural disposition
- penis
- Glossonema varians syn. Glossonema edule, the young fruits and leaves of which are eaten raw
- caper (Capparis gen. and especially Capparis spinosa, and especially the edible buds from it)
- idol offered to
Declension
Declension of noun عِتْر (ʿitr)
| Collective | basic collective triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْر ʿitr |
الْعِتْر al-ʿitr |
عِتْر ʿitr |
| Nominative | عِتْرٌ ʿitrun |
الْعِتْرُ al-ʿitru |
عِتْرُ ʿitru |
| Accusative | عِتْرًا ʿitran |
الْعِتْرَ al-ʿitra |
عِتْرَ ʿitra |
| Genitive | عِتْرٍ ʿitrin |
الْعِتْرِ al-ʿitri |
عِتْرِ ʿitri |
| Singulative | singulative triptote in ـَة (-a) | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْرَة ʿitra |
الْعِتْرَة al-ʿitra |
عِتْرَة ʿitrat |
| Nominative | عِتْرَةٌ ʿitratun |
الْعِتْرَةُ al-ʿitratu |
عِتْرَةُ ʿitratu |
| Accusative | عِتْرَةً ʿitratan |
الْعِتْرَةَ al-ʿitrata |
عِتْرَةَ ʿitrata |
| Genitive | عِتْرَةٍ ʿitratin |
الْعِتْرَةِ al-ʿitrati |
عِتْرَةِ ʿitrati |
| Dual | Indefinite | Definite | Construct |
| Informal | عِتْرَتَيْن ʿitratayn |
الْعِتْرَتَيْن al-ʿitratayn |
عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Nominative | عِتْرَتَانِ ʿitratāni |
الْعِتْرَتَانِ al-ʿitratāni |
عِتْرَتَا ʿitratā |
| Accusative | عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʿitratayni |
الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʿitratayni |
عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Genitive | عِتْرَتَيْنِ ʿitratayni |
الْعِتْرَتَيْنِ al-ʿitratayni |
عِتْرَتَيْ ʿitratay |
| Paucal (3-10) | sound feminine paucal | ||
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عِتْرَات ʿitrāt |
الْعِتْرَات al-ʿitrāt |
عِتْرَات ʿitrāt |
| Nominative | عِتْرَاتٌ ʿitrātun |
الْعِتْرَاتُ al-ʿitrātu |
عِتْرَاتُ ʿitrātu |
| Accusative | عِتْرَاتٍ ʿitrātin |
الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʿitrāti |
عِتْرَاتِ ʿitrāti |
| Genitive | عِتْرَاتٍ ʿitrātin |
الْعِتْرَاتِ al-ʿitrāti |
عِتْرَاتِ ʿitrāti |
Declension
Declension of noun عَتْر (ʿatr)
| Singular | basic singular triptote | ||
|---|---|---|---|
| Indefinite | Definite | Construct | |
| Informal | عَتْر ʿatr |
الْعَتْر al-ʿatr |
عَتْر ʿatr |
| Nominative | عَتْرٌ ʿatrun |
الْعَتْرُ al-ʿatru |
عَتْرُ ʿatru |
| Accusative | عَتْرًا ʿatran |
الْعَتْرَ al-ʿatra |
عَتْرَ ʿatra |
| Genitive | عَتْرٍ ʿatrin |
الْعَتْرِ al-ʿatri |
عَتْرِ ʿatri |
References
- Freytag, Georg (1835), “عتر”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 3, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, page 103
- Lane, Edward William (1863), “عتر”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 1946
- Mandaville, James Paul (2011) Bedouin Ethnobotany. Plant Concepts and Uses in a Desert Pastoral World, Tuscon: University of Arizona Press, →ISBN, pages 114 and 282
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