سنة

See also: سنہ‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From Proto-Semitic *šan-.

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sa.na/

Noun

سَنَة • (sana) f (plural سَنَوَات‎ (sanawāt) or سِنُون‎ (sinūn) or سِنِين‎ (sinīn))

year

Declension

Declension of noun سَنَة (sana)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنَة sana	السَّنَة‎ as-sana	سَنَة sanat
Nominative	سَنَةٌ sanatun	السَّنَةُ‎ as-sanatu	سَنَةُ sanatu
Accusative	سَنَةً sanatan	السَّنَةَ‎ as-sanata	سَنَةَ sanata
Genitive	سَنَةٍ sanatin	السَّنَةِ‎ as-sanati	سَنَةِ sanati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنَتَيْن‎ sanatayn	السَّنَتَيْن‎ as-sanatayn	سَنَتَيْ‎ sanatay
Nominative	سَنَتَانِ‎ sanatāni	السَّنَتَانِ‎ as-sanatāni	سَنَتَا‎ sanatā
Accusative	سَنَتَيْنِ‎ sanatayni	السَّنَتَيْنِ‎ as-sanatayni	سَنَتَيْ‎ sanatay
Genitive	سَنَتَيْنِ‎ sanatayni	السَّنَتَيْنِ‎ as-sanatayni	سَنَتَيْ‎ sanatay
Plural	sound feminine plural‎; sound masculine plural‎; basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سَنَوَات‎‎; سِنِين‎ sanawāt‎; sinīn	السَّنَوَات‎‎; السِّنِين‎ as-sanawāt‎; as-sinīn	سَنَوَات‎‎; سِنِي‎‎; سِنِين‎ sanawāt‎; sinī‎; sinīn
Nominative	سَنَوَاتٌ‎‎; سِنُونَ‎‎; سِنِينٌ‎ sanawātun‎; sinūna‎; sinīnun	السَّنَوَاتُ‎‎; السِّنُونَ‎‎; السِّنِينُ‎ as-sanawātu‎; as-sinūna‎; as-sinīnu	سَنَوَاتُ‎‎; سِنُو‎‎; سِنِينُ‎ sanawātu‎; sinū‎; sinīnu
Accusative	سَنَوَاتٍ‎‎; سِنِينَ‎‎; سِنِينًا‎ sanawātin‎; sinīna‎; sinīnan	السَّنَوَاتِ‎‎; السِّنِينَ‎ as-sanawāti‎; as-sinīna	سَنَوَاتِ‎‎; سِنِي‎‎; سِنِينَ‎ sanawāti‎; sinī‎; sinīna
Genitive	سَنَوَاتٍ‎‎; سِنِينَ‎‎; سِنِينٍ‎ sanawātin‎; sinīna‎; sinīnin	السَّنَوَاتِ‎‎; السِّنِينَ‎‎; السِّنِينِ‎ as-sanawāti‎; as-sinīna‎; as-sinīni	سَنَوَاتِ‎‎; سِنِي‎‎; سِنِينِ‎ sanawāti‎; sinī‎; sinīni

Usage notes

According to Ibn Manzur, some speakers decline the nūn in سِنين, treating it as an irregular plural. Accordingly, the yā' does not change to wāw whence using this form.

Etymology 2

Cognate with Hebrew שֵׁנָה‎ (šēnā, “sleep, slumber”) and Mehri شنيت‎ (“sleep, slumber”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /si.na/

Noun

سِنَة • (sina) f

drowsiness
Synonym: نُعَاس‎ (nuʿās)
slumber; nap
Synonym: قَيْلُولَة‎ (qaylūla)

Declension

Declension of noun سِنَة (sina)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سِنَة sina	السِّنَة‎ as-sina	سِنَة sinat
Nominative	سِنَةٌ sinatun	السِّنَةُ‎ as-sinatu	سِنَةُ sinatu
Accusative	سِنَةً sinatan	السِّنَةَ‎ as-sinata	سِنَةَ sinata
Genitive	سِنَةٍ sinatin	السِّنَةِ‎ as-sinati	سِنَةِ sinati

Synonyms

نَوْم‎ (nawm, “sleep”)
سُبَات‎ (subāt, “hibernation”)

Etymology 3

From the root س ن ن‎ (s-n-n); compare سَنَّ‎ (sanna, “to establish (a law, custom, etc.)”).

Pronunciation

IPA^(key): /sun.na/

Noun

سُنَّة • (sunna) f (plural سُنَن‎ (sunan))

image, face, form, appearance, look
- c. 1200, يحيى بن محمد بن أحمد بن العوام‎ [Yaḥyā ibn muḥammad ibn ʾaḥmad ibn al-ʿawwām], José Antonio Banqueri, editor, كتاب الفلاحة‎ [Book on Agriculture], volume 1, Madrid: Imprenta Real, published 1802^IA, Cap. 7, Art. 54, pages 403–404:
  
  ‏أما العليق فمعروف وأما الورد الجبلي وورد الكلب وهو المعروف عند أهل الطب بالنسرين قال أبو حنيفة الورد الجبلي يشبه الورد ويشبه ذلك بعض سنة العليق وثمره شبيه العنب الدليك وهو أحمر يشبه البسر إلا أن طرفه محدود وفي داخله شبه الصوف ونواره نوار الورد أبيض يشوبه حمرة‎
  In what concerns the bramble, it is well known, and in what concerns the mountain-rose and the dog-rose, it is well-known with the physicians as nisrīn; Abū Ḥanīfa said the mountain-rose resembles the rose and this resembles a bit the image of the bramble, and the fruit is similar to the dust-vine, it is red and resembles the unripe date, except that its tip is pointed, and in its inner there is a kind of wool, and its blossom is a white rose blossom with an admixture of red.
custom; norm; tradition; standard or habitual practice
- 609–632 CE, Qur'an, 33:62:
  
  ‏سُنَّةَ اللهِ فِي الَّذِينَ خَلَوْا مِن قَبْلُ وَلَن تَجِدَ لِسُنَّةِ اللهِ تَبْدِيلًا‎
  sunnata llāhi fī allaḏīna ḵalaw min qablu walan tajida lisunnati llāhi tabdīlan
  This is the Sunna of God for those of the past, and you will find no alternative for the Sunna of God.
(Islam) a recommended practice; a deed for which there is otherworldly reward, but for whose omission there is no otherworldly punishment
‏أَسُنَّةٌ الْخِتانُ أَمْ فَرْضٌ فِي مَذْهَبِنَا؟‎‎
ʾasunnatun al-ḵitānu ʾam farḍun fī maḏhabinā?
Is circumcision a recommended practice or an obligation in our school of law?
(Islam, usually definite) the Sunna: the entirety of the normative teachings and practices of Muhammad and his righteous companions, as recorded in the hadiths; in theory the second source of law after the Quran, but in practice the most important
‏لَا يُوجَدُ فِي السُّنّةِ الصَّحِيحَةِ مَا يُثَبِّتُ قُدْرَةَ الْجِنِّ عَلَى سُكُونِ جَسَدِ الْإنْسان.‎‎
lā yūjadu fī s-sunnati ṣ-ṣaḥīḥati mā yuṯabbitu qudrata l-jinni ʿalā sukūni jasadi l-ʾinsān.
There is nothing in the authentic Sunna which might prove that demons are capable of dwelling in the human body.
(Islam, definite) Sunnism; the Sunni sect
‏مَا أَبْرَزُ الِاخْتِلَافَاتِ الْفِقْهِيَّةِ بَيْنَ السُّنَّةِ وَبَيْنَ الشِّيعَة؟‎‎
mā ʾabrazu l-iḵtilāfāti l-fiqhiyyati bayna s-sunnati wa-bayna š-šīʿa?
What are the major jurisprudential differences between Sunnis and Shiites?

Usage notes

Senses 3 to 5 must be well distinguished. So while سنة is used to refer to both “normative teachings recorded in hadiths” (sense 4) and “recommended practices” (sense 3), this does not mean that hadiths never establish hard obligations. (In fact, they do so very often, including such fundamental ones as the number of daily obligatory prayers.) In the same way, the fact that سنة also refers to the “Sunni sect” (sense 5) does not mean that other sects do not have a Sunna.

Declension

Declension of noun سُنَّة (sunna)

Singular	singular triptote in ـَة (-a)
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنَّة sunna	السُّنَّة‎ as-sunna	سُنَّة sunnat
Nominative	سُنَّةٌ sunnatun	السُّنَّةُ‎ as-sunnatu	سُنَّةُ sunnatu
Accusative	سُنَّةً sunnatan	السُّنَّةَ‎ as-sunnata	سُنَّةَ sunnata
Genitive	سُنَّةٍ sunnatin	السُّنَّةِ‎ as-sunnati	سُنَّةِ sunnati
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنَّتَيْن‎ sunnatayn	السُّنَّتَيْن‎ as-sunnatayn	سُنَّتَيْ‎ sunnatay
Nominative	سُنَّتَانِ‎ sunnatāni	السُّنَّتَانِ‎ as-sunnatāni	سُنَّتَا‎ sunnatā
Accusative	سُنَّتَيْنِ‎ sunnatayni	السُّنَّتَيْنِ‎ as-sunnatayni	سُنَّتَيْ‎ sunnatay
Genitive	سُنَّتَيْنِ‎ sunnatayni	السُّنَّتَيْنِ‎ as-sunnatayni	سُنَّتَيْ‎ sunnatay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	سُنَن‎ sunan	السُّنَن‎ as-sunan	سُنَن‎ sunan
Nominative	سُنَنٌ‎ sunanun	السُّنَنُ‎ as-sunanu	سُنَنُ‎ sunanu
Accusative	سُنَنًا‎ sunanan	السُّنَنَ‎ as-sunana	سُنَنَ‎ sunana
Genitive	سُنَنٍ‎ sunanin	السُّنَنِ‎ as-sunani	سُنَنِ‎ sunani

Derived terms

السُّنَّة‎ (as-sunna, “the Sunna”)
سُنَّة النَّبِيّ‎ (sunnat an-nabiyy, “the Sunna”)
سُنَّة اللَّه‎ (sunna(t) al-lah, “the Sunna of God”)
أَهْل السُّنَّة‎ (ʾahl as-sunna, “Sunni Islam, the Sunni”)
سُنِّيّ‎ (sunniyy, “Sunni”)

References

Wehr, Hans (1979), “سن”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, ISBN 0-87950-003-4

Egyptian Arabic

Alternative forms

سنه‎ (sána)

Etymology

From Arabic سَنَة‎ (sana, “year”).

Noun

سنة • (sána) f , pl سنين‎ (sínīn) سنوات‎ (sánawāt)

year

Synonyms

عام‎ (ʿām)

Derived terms

مسانية‎ (mísaniyya)
سنوى‎ (sánawi)
سنوية‎ (sánawiyya)
سن‎ (sinn)

References

Spiro, Socrates (1895). An Arabic-English vocabulary of the colloquial Arabic of Egypt, containing the vernacular idioms and expressions, slang phrases, etc., etc., used by the native Egyptians Cairo: Al-Mokattam Printing Office.

Hinds, Martin; Badawi, El-Said (1986). A Dictionary of Egyptian Arabic Beirut: Librairie du Liban.

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