خلف

See also: خلق‎, حلق‎, جلق‎, and خ ل ق‎

Arabic

Etymology 1

From the root خ ل ف‎ (ḵ-l-f). From Proto-Semitic *ḫalap-.

Pronunciation

Audio (file)

Verb

خَلَفَ • (ḵalafa) I, non-past يَخْلُفُ‎‎ (yaḵlufu)

to succeed, to follow, to come after
to substitute for
to replace
to lag behind
to stay behind
to be detained, to stay away

Conjugation

Conjugation of

خَلَفَ

(form-I sound, verbal noun خَلْف)

active voice الْفِعْل الْمَعْلُوم
verbal noun الْمَصْدَر					خَلْف ḵalf
active participle اِسْم الْفَاعِل					خَالِف‎ ḵālif
passive participle اِسْم الْمَفْعُول					مَخْلُوف‎ maḵlūf
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خَلَفْتُ‎ ḵalaftu	خَلَفْتَ‎ ḵalafta	خَلَفَ ḵalafa	خَلَفْتُمَا‎ ḵalaftumā	خَلَفَا‎ ḵalafā	خَلَفْنَا‎ ḵalafnā	خَلَفْتُمْ‎ ḵalaftum	خَلَفُوا‎ ḵalafū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خَلَفْتُ‎ ḵalaftu	خَلَفْتِ‎ ḵalafti	خَلَفَتْ‎ ḵalafat	خَلَفْتُمَا‎ ḵalaftumā	خَلَفَتَا‎ ḵalafatā	خَلَفْنَا‎ ḵalafnā	خَلَفْتُنَّ‎ ḵalaftunna	خَلَفْنَ‎ ḵalafna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أَخْلُفُ‎ ʾaḵlufu	تَخْلُفُ‎ taḵlufu	يَخْلُفُ‎ yaḵlufu	تَخْلُفَانِ‎ taḵlufāni	يَخْلُفَانِ‎ yaḵlufāni	نَخْلُفُ‎ naḵlufu	تَخْلُفُونَ‎ taḵlufūna	يَخْلُفُونَ‎ yaḵlufūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أَخْلُفُ‎ ʾaḵlufu	تَخْلُفِينَ‎ taḵlufīna	تَخْلُفُ‎ taḵlufu	تَخْلُفَانِ‎ taḵlufāni	تَخْلُفَانِ‎ taḵlufāni	نَخْلُفُ‎ naḵlufu	تَخْلُفْنَ‎ taḵlufna	يَخْلُفْنَ‎ yaḵlufna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أَخْلُفَ‎ ʾaḵlufa	تَخْلُفَ‎ taḵlufa	يَخْلُفَ‎ yaḵlufa	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	يَخْلُفَا‎ yaḵlufā	نَخْلُفَ‎ naḵlufa	تَخْلُفُوا‎ taḵlufū	يَخْلُفُوا‎ yaḵlufū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أَخْلُفَ‎ ʾaḵlufa	تَخْلُفِي‎ taḵlufī	تَخْلُفَ‎ taḵlufa	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	نَخْلُفَ‎ naḵlufa	تَخْلُفْنَ‎ taḵlufna	يَخْلُفْنَ‎ yaḵlufna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أَخْلُفْ‎ ʾaḵluf	تَخْلُفْ‎ taḵluf	يَخْلُفْ‎ yaḵluf	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	يَخْلُفَا‎ yaḵlufā	نَخْلُفْ‎ naḵluf	تَخْلُفُوا‎ taḵlufū	يَخْلُفُوا‎ yaḵlufū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أَخْلُفْ‎ ʾaḵluf	تَخْلُفِي‎ taḵlufī	تَخْلُفْ‎ taḵluf	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	تَخْلُفَا‎ taḵlufā	نَخْلُفْ‎ naḵluf	تَخْلُفْنَ‎ taḵlufna	يَخْلُفْنَ‎ yaḵlufna
imperative الْأَمْر	m		اُخْلُفْ‎ uḵluf		اُخْلُفَا‎ uḵlufā			اُخْلُفُوا‎ uḵlufū
imperative الْأَمْر	f		اُخْلُفِي‎ uḵlufī		اُخْلُفَا‎ uḵlufā			اُخْلُفْنَ‎ uḵlufna
passive voice الْفِعْل الْمَجْهُول
		singular الْمُفْرَد			dual الْمُثَنَّى		plural الْجَمْع
		1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب	1^st person الْمُتَكَلِّم	2^nd person الْمُخَاطَب	3^rd person الْغَائِب
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	m	خُلِفْتُ‎ ḵuliftu	خُلِفْتَ‎ ḵulifta	خُلِفَ ḵulifa	خُلِفْتُمَا‎ ḵuliftumā	خُلِفَا‎ ḵulifā	خُلِفْنَا‎ ḵulifnā	خُلِفْتُمْ‎ ḵuliftum	خُلِفُوا‎ ḵulifū
past (perfect) indicative الْمَاضِي	f	خُلِفْتُ‎ ḵuliftu	خُلِفْتِ‎ ḵulifti	خُلِفَتْ‎ ḵulifat	خُلِفْتُمَا‎ ḵuliftumā	خُلِفَتَا‎ ḵulifatā	خُلِفْنَا‎ ḵulifnā	خُلِفْتُنَّ‎ ḵuliftunna	خُلِفْنَ‎ ḵulifna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	m	أُخْلَفُ‎ ʾuḵlafu	تُخْلَفُ‎ tuḵlafu	يُخْلَفُ‎ yuḵlafu	تُخْلَفَانِ‎ tuḵlafāni	يُخْلَفَانِ‎ yuḵlafāni	نُخْلَفُ‎ nuḵlafu	تُخْلَفُونَ‎ tuḵlafūna	يُخْلَفُونَ‎ yuḵlafūna
non-past (imperfect) indicative الْمُضَارِع	f	أُخْلَفُ‎ ʾuḵlafu	تُخْلَفِينَ‎ tuḵlafīna	تُخْلَفُ‎ tuḵlafu	تُخْلَفَانِ‎ tuḵlafāni	تُخْلَفَانِ‎ tuḵlafāni	نُخْلَفُ‎ nuḵlafu	تُخْلَفْنَ‎ tuḵlafna	يُخْلَفْنَ‎ yuḵlafna
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	m	أُخْلَفَ‎ ʾuḵlafa	تُخْلَفَ‎ tuḵlafa	يُخْلَفَ‎ yuḵlafa	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	يُخْلَفَا‎ yuḵlafā	نُخْلَفَ‎ nuḵlafa	تُخْلَفُوا‎ tuḵlafū	يُخْلَفُوا‎ yuḵlafū
subjunctive الْمُضَارِع الْمَنْصُوب	f	أُخْلَفَ‎ ʾuḵlafa	تُخْلَفِي‎ tuḵlafī	تُخْلَفَ‎ tuḵlafa	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	نُخْلَفَ‎ nuḵlafa	تُخْلَفْنَ‎ tuḵlafna	يُخْلَفْنَ‎ yuḵlafna
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	m	أُخْلَفْ‎ ʾuḵlaf	تُخْلَفْ‎ tuḵlaf	يُخْلَفْ‎ yuḵlaf	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	يُخْلَفَا‎ yuḵlafā	نُخْلَفْ‎ nuḵlaf	تُخْلَفُوا‎ tuḵlafū	يُخْلَفُوا‎ yuḵlafū
jussive الْمُضَارِع الْمَجْزُوم	f	أُخْلَفْ‎ ʾuḵlaf	تُخْلَفِي‎ tuḵlafī	تُخْلَفْ‎ tuḵlaf	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	تُخْلَفَا‎ tuḵlafā	نُخْلَفْ‎ nuḵlaf	تُخْلَفْنَ‎ tuḵlafna	يُخْلَفْنَ‎ yuḵlafna

Etymology 2

From the root خ ل ف‎ (ḵ-l-f).

Preposition

خَلْفَ • (ḵalfa)

behind
- Louisa Alcott, Little Women, Chapter 1, Arabic translation "Dar wa Maktabat al-Hilal, Lebanon":
  بدأت جو تمشي ذهابًا وإيابًا ويداها خلف ظهرهًا، كالرجل.‎
  
  bádaʾat Joe támšī ḏahāban wa-ʾiyāban wa-yádā-hā xálfa ẓáhran, ka-l-rájul.
  Joe started walking back and forth with her hands behind (her) back, like a man.

Inflection

Inflected forms

Personal-pronoun- including forms	Singular		Dual	Plural
Base form					خَلْفَ (ḵalfa)
Personal-pronoun- including forms	Masculine	Feminine	Common	Masculine	Feminine
First person	خَلْفِي‎ (ḵalfī)			خَلْفَنَا‎ (ḵalfanā)
Second person	خَلْفَكَ‎ (ḵalfaka)	خَلْفَكِ‎ (ḵalfaki)	خَلْفَكُمَا‎ (ḵalfakumā)	خَلْفَكُمْ‎ (ḵalfakum)	خَلْفَكُنَّ‎ (ḵalfakunna)
Third person	خَلْفَهُ‎ (ḵalfahu)	خَلْفَهَا‎ (ḵalfahā)	خَلْفَهُمَا‎ (ḵalfahumā)	خَلْفَهُمْ‎ (ḵalfahum)	خَلْفَهُنَّ‎ (ḵalfahunna)

Derived terms

مِنْ خَلْفِ‎ (min ḵalfi)

Etymology 3

From the root خ ل ف‎ (ḵ-l-f).

Noun

خَلْف • (ḵalf) m (plural خُلُوف‎ (ḵulūf))

verbal noun of خَلَفَ (ḵalafa) (form I)
location that is behind
time past
back
successor, descendant
descendants
remnant of people
succeeding generation, progeny
short rib
someone absent from the tribe or just returned

Declension

Declension of noun خَلْف (ḵalf)

Singular	basic singular triptote
Singular	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلْف ḵalf	الْخَلْف‎ al-ḵalf	خَلْف ḵalf
Nominative	خَلْفٌ ḵalfun	الْخَلْفُ‎ al-ḵalfu	خَلْفُ ḵalfu
Accusative	خَلْفًا‎ ḵalfan	الْخَلْفَ‎ al-ḵalfa	خَلْفَ ḵalfa
Genitive	خَلْفٍ ḵalfin	الْخَلْفِ‎ al-ḵalfi	خَلْفِ ḵalfi
Dual	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خَلْفَيْن‎ ḵalfayn	الْخَلْفَيْن‎ al-ḵalfayn	خَلْفَيْ‎ ḵalfay
Nominative	خَلْفَانِ‎ ḵalfāni	الْخَلْفَانِ‎ al-ḵalfāni	خَلْفَا‎ ḵalfā
Accusative	خَلْفَيْنِ‎ ḵalfayni	الْخَلْفَيْنِ‎ al-ḵalfayni	خَلْفَيْ‎ ḵalfay
Genitive	خَلْفَيْنِ‎ ḵalfayni	الْخَلْفَيْنِ‎ al-ḵalfayni	خَلْفَيْ‎ ḵalfay
Plural	basic broken plural triptote
Plural	Indefinite	Definite	Construct
Informal	خُلُوف‎ ḵulūf	الْخُلُوف‎ al-ḵulūf	خُلُوف‎ ḵulūf
Nominative	خُلُوفٌ‎ ḵulūfun	الْخُلُوفُ‎ al-ḵulūfu	خُلُوفُ‎ ḵulūfu
Accusative	خُلُوفًا‎ ḵulūfan	الْخُلُوفَ‎ al-ḵulūfa	خُلُوفَ‎ ḵulūfa
Genitive	خُلُوفٍ‎ ḵulūfin	الْخُلُوفِ‎ al-ḵulūfi	خُلُوفِ‎ ḵulūfi

References

Freytag, Georg (1830), “خلف”, in Lexicon arabico-latinum praesertim ex Djeuharii Firuzabadiique et aliorum Arabum operibus adhibitis Golii quoque et aliorum libris confectum (in Latin), volume 1, Halle: C. A. Schwetschke, pages 516–518
Lane, Edward William (1863), “خلف”, in Arabic-English Lexicon, London: Williams & Norgate, page 792
Steingass, Francis Joseph (1884), “خلف”, in The Student's Arabic–English Dictionary, London: W.H. Allen, page 337
Wehr, Hans (1979), “خلف”, in J. Milton Cowan, editor, A Dictionary of Modern Written Arabic, 4th edition, Ithaca, NY: Spoken Language Services, →ISBN, page 297

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