двоюродный

Russian

From Old East Slavic дъвою родꙋ (dŭvoju rodu, “of two generations”) + -ный (-nyj). дъвою (dŭvoju) is a genitive dual form, from which -ю- (-ju-) was extracted and used analogously in трою́родный (trojúrodnyj), четверою́родный (četverojúrodnyj).

двою́родный • (dvojúrodnyj)

Declension of двою́родный (unknown short forms)

		masculine	neuter	feminine	plural
nominative		двою́родный dvojúrodnyj	двою́родное dvojúrodnoje	двою́родная dvojúrodnaja	двою́родные dvojúrodnyje
genitive		двою́родного dvojúrodnovo		двою́родной dvojúrodnoj	двою́родных dvojúrodnyx
dative		двою́родному dvojúrodnomu		двою́родной dvojúrodnoj	двою́родным dvojúrodnym
accusative	animate	двою́родного dvojúrodnovo	двою́родное dvojúrodnoje	двою́родную dvojúrodnuju	двою́родных dvojúrodnyx
accusative	inanimate	двою́родный dvojúrodnyj	двою́родное dvojúrodnoje	двою́родную dvojúrodnuju	двою́родные dvojúrodnyje
instrumental		двою́родным dvojúrodnym		двою́родной, двою́родною dvojúrodnoj, dvojúrodnoju	двою́родными dvojúrodnymi
prepositional		двою́родном dvojúrodnom		двою́родной dvojúrodnoj	двою́родных dvojúrodnyx

There is no single equivalent of this term in English. It is applied to close relations (e.g. brothers, uncles, grandfathers) and indicates a relation that is in the same generation as the term being modified, but is one degree greater in separation in terms of the closest common ancestor. For example, the двою́родный equivalent of one's brother is one's first cousin, because one has a common father with one's brother, but a common grandfather with one's first cousin. Similarly, the двою́родный equivalent of one's grandfather is one's great uncle, because the nearest common ancestor between one and one's grandfather is the grandfather himself, whereas the nearest common ancestor between one and one's great uncle is one's great-grandfather. (The двою́родный equivalent of one's father is one's uncle, but there is a already special term for this relationship.)

base relationship	двою́родный (dvojúrodnyj)	трою́родный (trojúrodnyj)	четверою́родный (četverojúrodnyj)
брат (brat, “brother”)	first cousin	second cousin	third cousin
дя́дя (djádja, “uncle”)	first cousin once removed	second cousin once removed	third cousin once removed
оте́ц (otéc, “father”)	(= дя́дя (djádja, “uncle”))	(= двою́родный дя́дя (dvojúrodnyj djádja, “first cousin once removed”))	(= трою́родный дя́дя (trojúrodnyj djádja, “second cousin once removed”))
дед (ded, “grandfather”)	great uncle	first cousin twice removed	second cousin twice removed
пра́дед (práded, “great-grandfather”)	great great uncle	first cousin thrice removed	second cousin thrice removed
племя́нник (plemjánnik, “nephew”)	first cousin once removed	second cousin once removed	third cousin once removed
сын (syn, “son”)	(= племя́нник (plemjánnik, “nephew”))	(= двою́родный племя́нник (dvojúrodnyj plemjánnik, “first cousin once removed”))	(= трою́родный племя́нник (trojúrodnyj plemjánnik, “second cousin once removed”))
внук (vnuk, “grandson”)	grandnephew	first cousin twice removed	second cousin twice removed
пра́внук (právnuk, “great-grandson”)	great grandnephew	first cousin thrice removed	second cousin thrice removed

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