врагъ

Old Church Slavonic

Alternative forms
  • (Glagolitic): ⰲⱃⰰⰳⱏ (vragŭ)

Etymology

From Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”).

Noun

врагъ • (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Codex Assemanius, Luke 19:43:
      ѣко придѫтъ дьнье на тѧ · и обложѧтъ врази твои · острогъ о тебѣ · и обидѫтъ тѧ · и окрочѧтъ тѧ в сѫду ·
      ěko pridǫtŭ dĭnĭe na tę · i obložętŭ vrazi tvoi · ostrogŭ o tebě · i obidǫtŭ tę · i okročętŭ tę v sǫdu ·
      For the days shall come upon thee, that thine enemies shall cast a trench about thee, and compass thee round, and keep thee in on every side,
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • XI century, Codex Suprasliensis, In ramos palmarum Homilia (John Chrysostom's Homily on Palm Sunday):
      […] ѿ съврьшивъшааго из устъ младеништемъ и съсѫштиимъ хвалѫ · раздроушити врага и мьстьника […]
      […] otŭ sŭvrĭšivŭšaago iz ustŭ mladeništemŭ i sŭsǫštiimŭ xvalǫ · razdrušiti vraga i mĭstĭnika […]
      […] from the one who made praise out of the mouth of babes and sucklings, that he mightest destroy the enemy and the avenger […]

Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative врагъ
vragŭ		 врага
vraga		 враѕи
vradzi
Accusative врагъ, врага
vragŭ, vraga		 врага
vraga		 врагꙑ
vragy
Genitive врага
vraga		 врагоу
vragu		 врагъ
vragŭ
Locative враѕѣ
vradzě		 врагоу
vragu		 враѕѣхъ
vradzěxŭ
Dative врагоу, врагови
vragu, vragovi		 врагома
vragoma		 врагомъ
vragomŭ
Instrumental врагомь
vragomĭ		 врагома
vragoma		 врагꙑ
vragy
Vocative враже
vraže		 врага
vraga		 враѕи
vradzi

Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
  • вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
  • вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity, wickedness”)
  • вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
  • вражьскꙑ (vražĭsky, “hostilely”)

Descendants

References
  • Cejtlin, R.M.; Večerka, R.; Blagova, E., editors (1994), “врагъ”, in Staroslavjanskij slovarʹ (po rukopisjam X—XI vekov) [Old Church Slavonic Dictionary (Based on 10–11th Century Manuscripts)], Moscow: Russkij jazyk, page 122

Old East Slavic

Etymology

Borrowed from Old Church Slavonic врагъ (vragŭ), from Proto-Slavic *vorgъ (“enemy, foe”). Doublet of ворогъ (vorogŭ).

Noun

врагъ (vragŭ) m

  1. an enemy, foe
    • XI century, Память и Похвала князю русскому Владимиру (Memorial and Panegyric to Prince Vladimir of Rus):
      […] благодать Божия просвѣщаше сердце его и рука Господня помогаше ему, и побѣжаше всꙗ врагы своꙗ, и боꙗхутсѧ его вси.
      […] blagodatĭ Božija prosvěščaše serdce ego i ruka Gospodnja pomogaše emu, i poběžaše vsja vragy svoja, i bojaxutsę ego vsi.
      […] God's grace illuminated his heart and God's hand helped him, and [he] defeated all his foes, and was feared among all.
  2. (figuratively) the devil
    • 1377, Лаврентьевская летопись (Laurentian Codex), the Primary Chronicle, s.a. 6545 (1037):
      Радовашесѧ Ꙗрославъ вида множьство цьрквии . и люди хрестꙑанꙑ зѣло . а врагъ сѣтовашетьсѧ побѣжаемъ . новыми людьми хрестꙑанскꙑми.
      Radovašesę Jaroslavŭ vida množĭstvo cĭrkvii . i ljudi xrestyany zělo . a vragŭ sětovašetĭsę poběžaemŭ . novymi ljudĭmi xrestyanskymi.
      And Yaroslav was glad, seeing many churches and many Christians [among his] people, while the devil wailed, being defeated by the newly-baptized.

Declension
Declension of врагъ (hard o-stem)
Singular Dual Plural
Nominative врагъ врага врази
Accusative врагъ врага врагꙑ
Genitive врага врагу врагъ
Locative вразѣ врагу вразѣхъ
Dative врагу врагома врагомъ
Instrumental врагомь врагома врагꙑ
Vocative вражѣ врага врази

Derived terms
Terms derived from врагъ
  • врагочьствьно (vragočĭstvĭno, “nefariously”)
  • врагочьстивꙑи (vragočĭstivyi, “nefarious”)
  • вражедьнꙑи (vražedĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражии (vražii, “hostile, diabolical”)
  • вражица (vražica, “she-enemy”)
  • вражьбьникъ (vražĭbĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
  • вражьбьнꙑи (vražĭbĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьда (vražĭda, “enmity”)
  • вражьдебьнꙑи (vražĭdebĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьдивъ (vražĭdivŭ, “spiteful”)
  • вражьдовати (vražĭdovati, “to hate, resent”)
  • вражьдолюбьнѣ (vražĭdoljubĭně, “odiously”)
  • вражьдолюбьць (vražĭdoljubĭcĭ, “enmity-lover”)
  • вражьдьникъ (vražĭdĭnikŭ, “enemy”)
  • вражьдьница (vražĭdĭnica, “she-enemy”)
  • вражьдьныи (vražĭdĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьнꙑи (vražĭnyi, “hostile”)
  • вражьскꙑи (vražĭskyi, “hostile, related to enemy”)
  • врагуша (vraguša, “fever”)
  • вражениѥ (vraženije, “augury, enchanting”)
  • враженꙑи (vraženyi, “enchanted”)
  • вражитель (vražitelĭ, “soothsayer”)
  • вражити (vražiti, “to enchant”)
  • вражьба (vražĭba, “cure”)

Descendants

References
  • Sreznevskij, I. I. (1893), “врагъ”, in Materialy dlja slovarja drevne-russkago jazyka po pisʹmennym pamjatnikam [Materials for the Dictionary of the Old Russian Language According to Written Monuments] (in Russian), volume 1, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, page 310
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