σῆμα

See also: σήμα

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σᾶμᾰ (sâma) – Doric

Etymology

From Proto-Indo-European *dʰyeh₂- (“to notice”) +‎ -μᾰ (-ma). Cognate with Sanskrit ध्यायति (dhyāyati, “think of, imagine”).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /sɛ̂ː.ma/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈse.ma/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ma/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ma/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsi.ma/

Noun

σῆμᾰ • (sêma) n (genitive σήμᾰτος); third declension

mark, sign, token
- Homer, Iliad 10.466
- Homer, Iliad 23.326
- Homer, Odyssey 19.250
- Homer, Iliad 23.455
- Solon, Collected Works 25.4
- Archilochus, 49
1. a sign from the gods, an omen, portent
  - Homer, Iliad 2.353
  - Homer, Iliad 8.171
  - Homer, Iliad 13.244
  - Pindar, Pythian Ode 4.355
  - Aeschylus, Prometheus Bound 498, (compare The Libation Bearers 259)
  - Sophocles, Fragments 379
  - Homer, Odyssey 20.111
2. a sign to begin something, watchword, signal, banner
  - Homer, Odyssey 21.231
  - Hesiod, Works and Days 448
  - Euripides, Rhesus 12
  - Euripides, The Phoenician Women 1377
3. the sign by which a grave is known, mound, cairn, barrow
  - Homer, Iliad 2.814
  - Hesiod, The Shield of Heracles 477
  - Homer, Odyssey 2.222
  - Homer, Odyssey 11.75
  - Pindar, Olympian Ode 10.30
  - Herodotus, Histories 1.93
  - Herodotus, Histories 4.72
  - Thucydides, History of the Peloponnesian War 2.34
  - Aristophanes, Thesmophoriazusae 886–888
  - Plato, Gorgias 493A
4. a mark to show the case of a quoit or javelin
  - Homer, Iliad 23.843
  - Homer, Odyssey 8.192
  - Dion., P. 18
5. a token by which one's identity or commission was certified
  - Homer, Iliad 6.176–178
  - Homer, Iliad 7.189
  - Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 387
  - Aeschylus, Seven Against Thebes 404
  - Euripides, Electra 456
  - Sophocles, Women of Trachis 614
6. a constellation
  - Euripides, Hecuba 1273
  - Sophocles, Fragments 379

Declension

Third declension of τὸ σῆμᾰ; τοῦ σήμᾰτος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	τὸ σῆμᾰ tò sêma	τὼ σήμᾰτε tṑ sḗmate	τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ tà sḗmata
Genitive	τοῦ σήμᾰτος toû sḗmatos	τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν toîn sēmátoin	τῶν σημᾰ́των tôn sēmátōn
Dative	τῷ σήμᾰτῐ tôi sḗmati	τοῖν σημᾰ́τοιν toîn sēmátoin	τοῖς σήμᾰσῐ / σήμᾰσῐν toîs sḗmasi(n)
Accusative	τὸ σῆμᾰ tò sêma	τὼ σήμᾰτε tṑ sḗmate	τᾰ̀ σήμᾰτᾰ tà sḗmata
Vocative	σῆμᾰ sêma	σήμᾰτε sḗmate	σήμᾰτᾰ sḗmata
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σημαίνω (sēmaínō)
σημεῖον (sēmeîon)

References

σῆμα in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
σῆμα in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
σῆμα in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- armorial bearings idem, page 40.
- badge idem, page 59.
- barrow idem, page 64.
- blazonry idem, page 82.
- cemetery idem, page 122.
- coat idem, page 141.
- countersign idem, page 178.
- crest idem, page 184.
- device idem, page 220.
- emblem idem, page 267.
- escutcheon idem, page 282.
- figure-head idem, page 319.
- grave idem, page 371.
- indication idem, page 432.
- insignia idem, page 444.
- landmark idem, page 475.
- mound idem, page 543.
- omen idem, page 572.
- password idem, page 597.
- portent idem, page 627.
- sepulchre idem, page 754.
- sign idem, page 774.
- signal idem, page 775.
- star idem, page 811.
- symbol idem, page 850.
- tomb idem, page 880.
- watch-word idem, page 966.
Sihler, Andrew L. (1995) New Comparative Grammar of Greek and Latin, Oxford, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 0195083458

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