σφόνδυλος

Ancient Greek

Alternative forms

σπόνδῠλος (spóndulos) – Ionic, Attic

Etymology

The formation is similar to δάκτυλος (dáktulos) and κόνδυλος (kóndulos), probably first from a noun *σφόνδος (*sphóndos). Sometimes connected with words like σφενδόνη (sphendónē), σφεδανός (sphedanós) and σφαδάζω (sphadázō), but this is mere speculation. The variation σφ/σπ points to a Pre-Greek origin.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /spʰón.dy.los/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈspʰon.dy.los/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsɸon.dy.los/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsfon.dy.los/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsfon.di.los/

Noun

σφόνδῠλος • (sphóndulos) m (genitive σφονδῠ́λου); second declension

(anatomy) vertebra (especially the cervical vertebrae)
joint (especially of a scorpion's tail)
tambour
spindle whorl
whorl (botany)
voting pebble

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ σφόνδῠλος; τοῦ σφονδῠ́λου (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ σφόνδῠλος ho sphóndulos	τὼ σφονδῠ́λω tṑ sphondúlō	οἱ σφόνδῠλοι hoi sphónduloi
Genitive	τοῦ σφονδῠ́λου toû sphondúlou	τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν toîn sphondúloin	τῶν σφονδῠ́λων tôn sphondúlōn
Dative	τῷ σφονδῠ́λῳ tôi sphondúlōi	τοῖν σφονδῠ́λοιν toîn sphondúloin	τοῖς σφονδῠ́λοις toîs sphondúlois
Accusative	τὸν σφόνδῠλον tòn sphóndulon	τὼ σφονδῠ́λω tṑ sphondúlō	τοὺς σφονδῠ́λους toùs sphondúlous
Vocative	σφόνδῠλε sphóndule	σφονδῠ́λω sphondúlō	σφόνδῠλοι sphónduloi
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

σφονδύλιον (sphondúlion)
σφονδυλίς (sphondulís)
σφονδυλίων (sphondulíōn)
σφονδυλοδίνητος (sphondulodínētos)
σφονδυλόεις (sphondulóeis)
σφονδυλόμαντις (sphondulómantis)
σφονδυλώδης (sphondulṓdēs)

References

σφόνδυλος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
σφόνδυλος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- backbone idem, page 58.
- vertebra idem, page 949.
- whorl idem, page 978.

Greek

Noun

σφόνδυλος • (sfóndylos) m (plural σφόνδυλοι)

(colloquial) Alternative form of σπόνδυλος (spóndylos)

Declension

declension of σφόνδυλος

	singular	plural
nominative	σφόνδυλος •	σφόνδυλοι •
genitive	σφονδύλου •	σφονδύλων •
accusative	σφόνδυλο •	σφονδύλους •
vocative	σφόνδυλε •	σφόνδυλοι •

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