στάχυς

Ancient Greek

Etymology

Probably from Proto-Indo-European *ste(n)gʰ- (“to stick”), cognate with Proto-Germanic *stinganą, Lithuanian stangus (“fixed, stiff”), Latvian stingt (“to harden”). However, the variant ἅσταχυς (hástakhus) could also suggest a substrate origin; compare στόνυξ (stónux, “sharp point”) and στόχος (stókhos, “erection of stone”).

Pronunciation

(Homeric Greek)

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰyːs/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.xys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

(later poetry)

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /stá.kʰys/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.kʰys/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.xys/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çys/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈsta.çis/

Noun

στᾰ́χῡς or στᾰ́χῠς • (stákhūs or stákhus) m (genitive στᾰ́χῠος); third declension

An ear of grain
scion, progeny
Spica, a star in the constellation Virgo
lower part of the abdomen
base horehound (Stachys germanica)
surgical bandage
shibboleth

Inflection

Third declension of στᾰ́χῡς; στᾰ́χῠος (Epic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	στᾰ́χῡς stákhūs	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Genitive	στᾰ́χῠος stákhuos	στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stakhúoiin	στᾰχῠ́ων stakhúōn
Dative	στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι stákhuï / stákhui	στᾰχῠ́οιῐν stakhúoiin	στᾰχῠ́εσσῐ / στᾰχῠ́εσσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσῐν / στᾰ́χῡσσῐ / στᾰ́χῡσσῐν stakhúessi(n) / stákhūsi(n) / stákhūssi(n)
Accusative	στᾰ́χῡν stákhūn	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς stákhūs / stákhuas
Vocative	στᾰ́χῡ stákhū	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

Third declension of ὁ στᾰ́χῠς; τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ στᾰ́χῠς ho stákhus	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stákhue	οἱ στᾰ́χῠες hoi stákhues
Genitive	τοῦ στᾰ́χῠος toû stákhuos	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stakhúoin	τῶν στᾰχῠ́ων tôn stakhúōn
Dative	τῷ στᾰ́χῠῐ̈ / στᾰ́χυι tôi stákhuï / stákhui	τοῖν στᾰχῠ́οιν toîn stakhúoin	τοῖς στᾰ́χῠσῐ / στᾰ́χῠσῐν toîs stákhusi(n)
Accusative	τὸν στᾰ́χῠν tòn stákhun	τὼ στᾰ́χῠε tṑ stákhue	τοὺς στᾰ́χῡς / στᾰ́χῠᾰς toùs stákhūs / stákhuas
Vocative	στᾰ́χῠ stákhu	στᾰ́χῠε stákhue	στᾰ́χῠες stákhues
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Descendants

Translingual: Stachys

References

στάχυς in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
στάχυς in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
στάχυς in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
G4719 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- corn idem, page 174.
- crop idem, page 185.
- fruit idem, page 347.
- harvest idem, page 387.
- standing idem, page 811.
Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill

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