κρύος
Ancient Greek
Etymology
Uncertain. Traditionally compared with Latin crusta, but there are semantic problems with this connection. Also compare Tocharian B kuraś, Latvian kruvesis and Old English hruse. Also see κρύσταλλος (krústallos) and κρυμός (krumós).
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /krý.os/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /ˈkry.os/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /ˈkri.os/
Noun
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) n (genitive κρῠ́ους or κρῠ́εος); third declension
κρῠ́ος • (krúos) m (genitive κρῠ́ου); second declension
Inflection
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ους toû krúous |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τῶν κρῠῶν tôn kruôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ει tôi krúei |
τοῖν κρῠοῖν toîn kruoîn |
τοῖς κρῠ́εσῐ / κρῠ́εσῐν toîs krúesi(n) | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸ κρῠ́ος tò krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ει tṑ krúei |
τᾰ̀ κρῠ́η tà krúē | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ος krúos |
κρῠ́ει krúei |
κρῠ́η krúē | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ὁ κρῠ́ος ho krúos |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
οἱ κρῠ́οι hoi krúoi | ||||||||||
Genitive | τοῦ κρῠ́ου toû krúou |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τῶν κρῠ́ων tôn krúōn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῷ κρῠ́ῳ tôi krúōi |
τοῖν κρῠ́οιν toîn krúoin |
τοῖς κρῠ́οις toîs krúois | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὸν κρῠ́ον tòn krúon |
τὼ κρῠ́ω tṑ krúō |
τοὺς κρῠ́ους toùs krúous | ||||||||||
Vocative | κρῠ́ε krúe |
κρῠ́ω krúō |
κρῠ́οι krúoi | ||||||||||
Notes: |
|
References
- κρύος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- κρύος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
- κρύος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
- κρύος in Trapp, Erich, et al. (1994–2007) Lexikon zur byzantinischen Gräzität besonders des 9.-12. Jahrhunderts [the Lexicon of Byzantine Hellenism, Particularly the 9th–12th Centuries], Verlag der Österreichischen Akademie der Wissenschaften
- Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Beekes, Robert S. P. (2010) Etymological Dictionary of Greek (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 10), with the assistance of Lucien van Beek, Leiden, Boston: Brill, ISBN 9789004174207
Greek
Declension
declension of κρύος
number case / gender |
singular | plural | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
masculine | feminine | neuter | masculine | feminine | neuter | |
nominative | κρύος | κρύα | κρύο | κρύοι | κρύες | κρύα |
genitive | κρύου | κρύας | κρύου | κρύων | κρύων | κρύων |
accusative | κρύο | κρύα | κρύο | κρύους | κρύες | κρύα |
vocative | κρύε | κρύα | κρύο | κρύοι | κρύες | κρύα |
derivations | comparative: πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. πιο κρύος, etc.) relative superlative: definite article + πιο (pio) + positive forms (e.g. ο πιο κρύος (o pio krýos), etc.) |
Coordinate terms
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