θυμός

See also: θύμος

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”). Cognates include Sanskrit धूम (dhūmá), Lithuanian dūmas, Latin fūmus, and Old Church Slavonic дꙑмъ (dymŭ).

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /tʰyː.mós/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /tʰyˈmos/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /θyˈmos/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /θyˈmos/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /θiˈmos/

Noun

θῡμός • (thūmós) m (genitive θῡμοῦ); second declension

(Epic, Attic, Ionic, Doric, Aeolic, Koine)

soul, as the seat of emotion, feeling, and thought
soul, life, breath
soul, heart
desire, will
temper, passion, disposition
anger, rage, wrath
heart, love
thought, mind

Inflection

Second declension of ὁ θῡμός; τοῦ θῡμοῦ (Attic)

Case / #	Singular	Dual	Plural
Nominative	ὁ θῡμός ho thūmós	τὼ θῡμώ tṑ thūmṓ	οἱ θῡμοί hoi thūmoí
Genitive	τοῦ θῡμοῦ toû thūmoû	τοῖν θῡμοῖν toîn thūmoîn	τῶν θῡμῶν tôn thūmôn
Dative	τῷ θῡμῷ tôi thūmôi	τοῖν θῡμοῖν toîn thūmoîn	τοῖς θῡμοῖς toîs thūmoîs
Accusative	τὸν θῡμόν tòn thūmón	τὼ θῡμώ tṑ thūmṓ	τοὺς θῡμούς toùs thūmoús
Vocative	θῡμέ thūmé	θῡμώ thūmṓ	θῡμοί thūmoí
Notes:	This table gives Attic inflectional endings. For declension in other dialects, see Appendix:Ancient Greek dialectal declension.

Derived terms

ἀθῡμία (athūmía)
ἀπροθῡμία (aprothūmía)
αὐτοεπιθῡμία (autoepithūmía)
βαρυθῡμία (baruthūmía)
γλυκυθῡμία (glukuthūmía)
διθῡμία (dithūmía)
δυσθῡμία (dusthūmía)
ἐκθῡμία (ekthūmía)
ἐνθῡμία (enthūmía)
ἐπιθῡμία (epithūmía)
εὐθῡμία (euthūmía)
Θυμοίτης (Thumoítēs)
κᾰκόθῡμος (kakóthūmos)
κακόθῡμος (kakóthūmos)
μακροθῡμία (makrothūmía)
μικροθῡμία (mikrothūmía)
ὀξυθύμια (oxuthúmia)
προεπιθῡμία (proepithūmía)
προθῡμία (prothūmía)
ῥαθῡμία (rhathūmía)
ῥᾳθῡμία (rhāithūmía)

Descendants

English: alexithymia, arithmothymia, cyclothymia, dysthymia, hyperthymia, hypothymia, isothymia, megalothymia, schizothymia
→ Greek: θυμός (thymós)
Russian: алекситими́я (aleksitimíja), гипертими́я (gipertimíja), гипотими́я (gipotimíja), дистими́я (distimíja), паратими́я (paratimíja), циклотими́я (ciklotimíja), шизотими́я (šizotimíja)

References

θυμός in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
θυμός in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
θυμός in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
θυμός in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
θυμός in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
G2372 in Strong’s Exhaustive Concordance to the Bible, 1979
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Fury idem, page 1011.
- aggravation idem, page 18.
- anger idem, page 29.
- bosom idem, page 90.
- bravery idem, page 94.
- breast idem, page 96.
- courage idem, page 178.
- fury idem, page 351.
- grit idem, page 374.
- heart idem, page 392.
- heat idem, page 392.
- high spirit idem, page 399.
- indignation idem, page 433.
- ire idem, page 459.
- life idem, page 489.
- mettle idem, page 527.
- mind idem, page 530.
- nerve idem, page 556.
- passion idem, page 597.
- rage idem, page 668.
- reins idem, page 688.
- soul idem, page 796.
- spirit idem, page 802.
- stamina idem, page 810.
- vitality idem, page 955.
- warmth idem, page 964.
- wrath idem, page 992.
Bauer, Walter et al. (2001) A Greek–English Lexicon of the New Testament and Other Early Christian Literature, Third edition, Chicago: University of Chicago Press

Greek

Etymology

From Ancient Greek θυμός (thumós), from Proto-Hellenic *tʰūmós, from Proto-Indo-European *dʰuh₂mós (“smoke”).

Noun

θυμός • (thymós) m (plural θυμοί)

anger, rage

Declension

declension of θυμός

	singular	plural
nominative	θυμός •	θυμοί •
genitive	θυμού •	θυμών •
accusative	θυμό •	θυμούς •
vocative	θυμέ •	θυμοί •

Synonyms

οργή f (orgí)

This article is issued from Wiktionary. The text is licensed under Creative Commons - Attribution - Sharealike. Additional terms may apply for the media files.