δῖος

See also: Διός

Ancient Greek

Etymology

From Proto-Hellenic *diyyos, from Proto-Indo-European *diwyós (“heavenly”), from *dyew- (“sky”) +‎ *-yós. Cognate with Sanskrit दिव्य (divyá), and related to Ζεύς (Zeús, “Zeus”), Latin deus (“god”), and the first element of English Tuesday.

Pronunciation

(5^th BCE Attic) IPA^(key): /dîː.os/
(1^st CE Egyptian) IPA^(key): /ˈdi.os/
(4^th CE Koine) IPA^(key): /ˈði.os/
(10^th CE Byzantine) IPA^(key): /ˈði.os/
(15^th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA^(key): /ˈði.os/

Adjective

δῖος • (dîos)

(poetic) heavenly, divine, noble (Homeric epithet of persons and gods)
- 800 BCE – 600 BCE, Homer, Iliad 1.5–7:
  Διὸς δ’ ἐτελείετο βουλή,
  ἐξ οὗ δὴ τὰ πρῶτα διαστήτην ἐρίσαντε
  Ἀτρεΐδης τε ἄναξ ἀνδρῶν καὶ δῖος Ἀχιλλεύς.
  Diòs d’ eteleíeto boulḗ,
  ex hoû dḕ tà prôta diastḗtēn erísante
  Atreḯdēs te ánax andrôn kaì dîos Akhilleús.
  and the will of Zeus was fulfilled,
  starting when they first stood apart and quarreled:
  [Agamemnon] the son of Atreus, lord of men, and divine Achilles.

Inflection

First and second declension of δῖος; δῖᾰ; δῖον (Epic)

Number	Singular			Dual			Plural
Case/Gender	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter	Masculine	Feminine	Neuter
Nominative	δῖος dîos	δῖᾰ / δῑ́ᾱ dîa / dī́ā	δῖον dîon	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῑ́ᾱ dī́ā	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῖοι dîoi	δῖαι dîai	δῖᾰ dîa
Genitive	δῑ́ου / δῑοῖο / δῑ́οιο / δῑόο / δῑ́οο dī́ou / dīoîo / dī́oio / dīóo / dī́oo	δῑ́ᾱς dī́ās	δῑ́ου / δῑοῖο / δῑ́οιο / δῑόο / δῑ́οο dī́ou / dīoîo / dī́oio / dīóo / dī́oo	δῑ́οιῐν dī́oiin	δῑ́αιν / δῑ́αιῐν / δῑ́ῃῐν dī́ai(i)n / dī́ēiin	δῑ́οιῐν dī́oiin	δῑ́ων dī́ōn	δῑᾱ́ων / δῑέ͜ων / δῑῶν dīā́ōn / dīé͜ōn / dīôn	δῑ́ων dī́ōn
Dative	δῑ́ῳ dī́ōi	δῑ́ᾳ dī́āi	δῑ́ῳ dī́ōi	δῑ́οιῐν dī́oiin	δῑ́αιν / δῑ́αιῐν / δῑ́ῃῐν dī́ai(i)n / dī́ēiin	δῑ́οιῐν dī́oiin	δῑ́οισῐ / δῑ́οισῐν / δῑ́οις dī́oisi(n) / dī́ois	δῑ́ῃσῐ / δῑ́ῃσῐν / δῑ́ῃς / δῑ́αις dī́ēisi(n) / dī́ēis / dī́ais	δῑ́οισῐ / δῑ́οισῐν / δῑ́οις dī́oisi(n) / dī́ois
Accusative	δῖον dîon	δῖᾰν dîan	δῖον dîon	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῑ́ᾱ dī́ā	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῑ́ους dī́ous	δῑ́ᾱς dī́ās	δῖᾰ dîa
Vocative	δῖε dîe	δῖᾰ / δῑ́ᾱ dîa / dī́ā	δῖον dîon	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῑ́ᾱ dī́ā	δῑ́ω dī́ō	δῖοι dîoi	δῖαι dîai	δῖᾰ dîa
Derived forms	Adverb			Comparative			Superlative
Derived forms	δῑ́ως dī́ōs			δῑότερος dīóteros			δῑότᾰτος dīótatos
Notes:	Dialects other than Attic are not well attested. Some forms may be based on conjecture. Use with caution.

References

δῖος in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
δῖος in Liddell & Scott (1889) An Intermediate Greek–English Lexicon, New York: Harper & Brothers
δῖος in Autenrieth, Georg (1891) A Homeric Dictionary for Schools and Colleges, New York: Harper and Brothers
δῖος in Bailly, Anatole (1935) Le Grand Bailly: Dictionnaire grec-français, Paris: Hachette
δῖος in Cunliffe, Richard J. (1924) A Lexicon of the Homeric Dialect: Expanded Edition, Norman: University of Oklahoma Press, published 1963
δῖος in the Diccionario Griego–Español en línea (2006–2019)
δῖος in Slater, William J. (1969) Lexicon to Pindar, Berlin: Walter de Gruyter
Woodhouse, S. C. (1910) English–Greek Dictionary: A Vocabulary of the Attic Language‎, London: Routledge & Kegan Paul Limited.
- Zeus idem, page 1029.
- celestial idem, page 120.
- divine idem, page 244.
- ethereal idem, page 284.
- heavenly idem, page 393.

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