βαρεῖα
Ancient Greek
Etymology
From the adjective βᾰρῠ́ς (barús, “low in pitch”): as a noun, a substantivisation of its feminine forms, in elliptical usage for ἡ βᾰρεῖᾰ προσῳδῐ́ᾱ (hē bareîa prosōidíā, “the grave accent”); as an adjective, regularly declined forms.
Pronunciation
- (5th BCE Attic) IPA(key): /ba.rêː.a/
- (1st CE Egyptian) IPA(key): /baˈri.a/
- (4th CE Koine) IPA(key): /βaˈri.a/
- (10th CE Byzantine) IPA(key): /vaˈri.a/
- (15th CE Constantinopolitan) IPA(key): /vaˈri.a/
Noun
βᾰρεῖᾰ • (bareîa) f (genitive βᾰρείᾱς); first declension
- baria (the grave accent, indicating low or normal pitch)
- (Can we find and add a quotation of Apollonius Dyscolus to this entry?)
- 388–380 BC, Plato (author), John Burnet (editor), Κρατύλος in Platonis Opera (1903), 399α–β:
- Σωκράτης: οἷον ‘Διὶ φίλος’ — τοῦτο ἵνα ἀντὶ ῥήματος ὄνομα ἡμῖν γένηται, τό τε ἕτερον αὐτόθεν ἰῶτα ἐξείλομεν καὶ ἀντὶ ὀξείας τῆς μέσης συλλαβῆς βαρεῖαν ἐφθεγξάμεθα.
- Socrates: Take, for instance, Διὶ φίλος; to change this from a phrase to a name, we took out the second iota and pronounced the middle syllable with the grave instead of the acute accent (Diphilus). ― translation from: Harold N. Fowler, Plato in Twelve Volumes, volume XII (1921), “Cratylus”, 399b
- Σωκράτης: οἷον ‘Διὶ φίλος’ — τοῦτο ἵνα ἀντὶ ῥήματος ὄνομα ἡμῖν γένηται, τό τε ἕτερον αὐτόθεν ἰῶτα ἐξείλομεν καὶ ἀντὶ ὀξείας τῆς μέσης συλλαβῆς βαρεῖαν ἐφθεγξάμεθα.
- 367–322 BC, Aristotle (author), Sir William David Ross (editor), Ῥητορική in Ars Rhetorica (1959), book III, chapter i, § 4:
- ἔστιν δὲ αὕτη μὲν ἐν τῇ φωνῇ, πῶς αὐτῇ δεῖ χρῆσθαι πρὸς ἕκαστον πάθος, οἷον πότε μεγάλῃ καὶ πότε μικρᾷ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ πῶς τοῖς τόνοις, οἷον ὀξείᾳ καὶ βαρείᾳ καὶ μέσῃ, καὶ ῥυθμοῖς τίσι πρὸς ἕκαστα.
- 2nd C. BC, Dionysius Thrax, Τέχνη Γραμματική, § iii: «Περὶ Τόνου»:
- τόνος ἐστὶν ἀπήχησις φωνῆς ἐναρμονίου, ἡ κατὰ ἀνάτασιν ἐν τῇ ὀξείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ ὁμαλισμὸν ἐν τῇ βαρείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ περίκλασιν ἐν τῇ περισπωμένῃ.
- Tone is the resonance of a voice endowed with harmony. It is heightened in the acute, balanced in the grave, and broken in the circumflex. ― translation from: Thomas Davidson, The Grammar of Dionysios Thrax (1874), § iii: “On Tone”, page 4
- τόνος ἐστὶν ἀπήχησις φωνῆς ἐναρμονίου, ἡ κατὰ ἀνάτασιν ἐν τῇ ὀξείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ ὁμαλισμὸν ἐν τῇ βαρείᾳ, ἡ κατὰ περίκλασιν ἐν τῇ περισπωμένῃ.
Declension
Case / # | Singular | Dual | Plural | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nominative | ἡ βᾰρεῖᾰ hē bareîa |
τὼ βᾰρείᾱ tṑ bareíā |
αἱ βᾰρεῖαι hai bareîai | ||||||||||
Genitive | τῆς βᾰρείᾱς tês bareíās |
τοῖν βᾰρείαιν toîn bareíain |
τῶν βᾰρειῶν tôn bareiôn | ||||||||||
Dative | τῇ βᾰρείᾳ têi bareíāi |
τοῖν βᾰρείαιν toîn bareíain |
ταῖς βᾰρείαις taîs bareíais | ||||||||||
Accusative | τὴν βᾰρεῖᾰν tḕn bareîan |
τὼ βᾰρείᾱ tṑ bareíā |
τᾱ̀ς βᾰρείᾱς tā̀s bareíās | ||||||||||
Vocative | βᾰρεῖᾰ bareîa |
βᾰρείᾱ bareíā |
βᾰρεῖαι bareîai | ||||||||||
Notes: |
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Coordinate terms
Related terms
- ὀξῠβᾰρεῖᾰ (oxubareîa)
Descendants
- English: baria
References
- βᾰρύς III.1 in Liddell & Scott (1940) A Greek–English Lexicon, Oxford: Clarendon Press
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