échanger
French
Etymology
From Old French eschangier, from Vulgar Latin *excambiāre, present active infinitive of *excambiō (from Latin ex with Late Latin cambiō).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written échange- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of échanger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | échangeant /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | échangé /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | échanger | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | échangeant /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect | échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangeais /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangeait /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ |
échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ |
échangeaient /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | échangeai /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
échangeas /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangea /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangeâmes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒam/ |
échangeâtes /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒat/ |
échangèrent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | échangerai /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
échangeras /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
échangera /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/ |
échangerons /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
échangerez /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/ |
échangeront /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerais /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerait /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ |
échangerions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
échangeriez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/ |
échangeraient /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échanges /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
échangions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/ |
échangiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒje/ |
échangent /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | échangeasse /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ |
échangeasses /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ |
échangeât /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa/ |
échangeassions /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
échangeassiez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒa.sje/ |
échangeassent /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | échange /e.ʃɑ̃ʒ/ |
— | échangeons /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/ |
échangez /e.ʃɑ̃.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Related terms
Further reading
- “échanger” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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