vis
English
Derived terms
- vis absoluta
- vis activa
- vis comica
- vis compulsiva
- vis impressa
- vis inertiae
- vis major
- vis medicatrix naturae
- vis mortua
- vis motrix
- vis passiva
- vis vitae
- vis viva
Etymology 2
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɪs/
Afrikaans
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /fəs/
Albanian
Etymology
From Proto-Albanian *uitśi-(ā), from Proto-Indo-European *weyḱ- (“house, settlement”). Cognate to Sanskrit विश् (víś, “settlement, community, tribe”), Ancient Greek οἰκία (oikía, “house”), Latin vicus (“village”).
Czech
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): [ˈvɪs]
- Rhymes: -ɪs
- Homophone: viz
Dalmatian
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /βis/
Danish
Pronunciation
- Rhymes: -es
- Rhymes: -iːˀs
Etymology 1
Noun
vis c
Derived terms
Inflection
Inflection of vis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | vis | visere | visest2 |
Neuter singular | vist | visere | visest2 |
Plural | vise | visere | visest2 |
Definite attributive1 | vise | visere | viseste |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Etymology 2
From Old Norse viss, from Proto-Germanic *gawissaz.
Adjective
vis
Inflection
Inflection of vis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Positive | Comparative | Superlative | |
Common singular | vis | — | —2 |
Neuter singular | vist | — | —2 |
Plural | visse | — | —2 |
Definite attributive1 | visse | — | — |
1) When an adjective is applied predicatively to something definite, the corresponding "indefinite" form is used. 2) The "indefinite" superlatives may not be used attributively. |
Dutch
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /vɪs/
- Rhymes: -ɪs
Audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pisḱ-.
Alternative forms
- (before 1934) visch
Derived terms
- aasvis
- anemoonvis
- aprilvis
- bakvis
- beenvis
- boter bij de vis
- brakwatervis
- bruinvis
- clownvis
- egelvis
- goudvis
- inktvis
- klipvis
- kogelvis
- kookvis
- kraakbeenvis
- lipvis
- longvis
- mossel noch vis
- platvis
- potvis
- riviervis
- schelvis
- steenvis
- stokvis
- vinvis
- visarend
- visbestand
- visgraat
- vispopulatie
- visrijk
- vissaus
- vissen
- vissenrijk
- vissoep
- visstand
- vissterfte
- visstick
- visvangst
- visvijver
- vlees noch vis
- vliegende vis
- walvis
- zeevis
- zoetwatervis
- zoutwatervis
- zwaardvis
Descendants
- Afrikaans: vis
Etymology 2
See the etymology of the main entry.
French
Etymology 1
From Old French viz, from Latin vītis (“vine”).
Derived terms
Etymology 2
See vivre.
Verb
vis
- inflection of vivre:
- first/second-person singular present indicative
- second-person singular present imperative
Etymology 3
See voir.
Further reading
- “vis” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /wiːs/
Etymology 1
From Proto-Italic *wīs, from Proto-Indo-European *wéyh₁s (“force, vehemence”), from *weyh₁- (“to rush”). Cognate with Ancient Greek ἴς (ís, “strength”). See also via, invītus, invītō, Ancient Greek οἶμος (oîmos).
Noun
vīs f (irregular, genitive *vīs); third declension
Usage notes
The plural forms of this noun are often treated as a separate plurale tantum noun.
Declension
Third declension, but with shortened stem in the singular. The genitive and dative singular forms are rarely used.
Case | Singular | Plural |
---|---|---|
Nominative | vīs | vīrēs |
Genitive | *vīs | vīrium |
Dative | *vī | vīribus |
Accusative | vim | vīrēs vīrīs |
Ablative | vī | vīribus |
Vocative | vīs | vīrēs |
Etymology 2
From volō (“wish”).
Derived terms
References
- vis in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
- vis in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vis in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
- vis in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
- Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book, London: Macmillan and Co.
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- straight on: rectā (viā)
- to wish any one a prosperous journey: aliquem proficiscentem votis ominibusque prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to be robust, vigorous: bonis esse viribus
- as well as I can; to the best of my ability: pro viribus or pro mea parte
- to burst into a flood of tears: lacrimas, vim lacrimarum effundere, profundere
- to enjoy good health: bona (firma, prospera) valetudine esse or uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to lay hands on oneself: manus, vim sibi afferre
- to perform the last offices of affection: supremis officiis aliquem prosequi (vid sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to have considerable influence on a question: magnam vim habere ad aliquid
- to be favoured by Fortune; to bask in Fortune's smiles: fortunae favore or prospero flatu fortunae uti (vid. sect. VI. 8., note uti...)
- to wish prosperity to an undertaking: aliquid optimis ominibus prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to honour, show respect for, a person: aliquem honore afficere, augere, ornare, prosequi (vid. sect. VI. 11., note Prosequi...)
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omnibus viribusor nervis contendere, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: omni ope atque opera or omni virium contentione eniti, ut
- to strain every nerve, do one's utmost in a matter: pro viribus eniti et laborare, ut
- there seems a prospect of armed violence; things look like violence: res spectat ad vim (arma)
- to express clearly, make a lifelike representation of a thing: exprimere aliquid verbis or oratione (vid. sect. VI. 3, note adumbrare...)
- to possess presence of mind: praesenti animo uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to behave with cruelty: crudelitate uti (vid. sect. VI. 8, note uti...)
- to use insulting expressions to any one: contumeliosis vocibus prosequi aliquem (vid. sect. VI. 11, note Prosequi...)
- to use violence against some one: vim adhibere, facere alicui
- to do violence to a person: vim inferre alicui
- to kill with violence: vim et manus afferre alicui (Catil. 1. 8. 21)
- to meet force by force: vim vi depellere
- to meet force by force: vi vim illatam defendere
- to vote (in the popular assembly): suffragium ferre (vid. sect. VI. 4, note Not sententiam...)
- to accuse a person of violence, poisoning: accusare aliquem de vi, de veneficiis
- to procure a very large supply of corn: frumenti vim maximam comparare
- by force of arms: vi et armis
- to force a way, a passage: iter tentare per vim (cf. sect. II. 3)
- to have recourse to force of arms: ad vim et arma descendere (vid. sect. V. 9, note Similarly...)
- to fight hand-to-hand, at close quarters: collatis signis (viribus) pugnare
- (ambiguous) the frost set in so severely that..: tanta vis frigoris insecuta est, ut
- (ambiguous) bodily strength: vires corporis or merely vires
- (ambiguous) to gain strength: vires colligere
- (ambiguous) to lose strength: vires aliquem deficiunt
- (ambiguous) as long as one's strength holds out: dum vires suppetunt
- (ambiguous) to become old and feeble: vires consenescunt
- (ambiguous) vivid, lively imagination: ingenii vis or celeritas
- (ambiguous) what do you mean to do: quid tibi vis?
- (ambiguous) oratorical power: vis dicendi
- (ambiguous) what is the meaning, the original sense of this word: quae est vis huius verbi?
- (ambiguous) the fundamental meaning of a word: vis et notio verbi, vocabuli
- (ambiguous) enthusiasm: ardor, inflammatio animi, incitatio mentis, mentis vis incitatior
- there is a storm at sea: mare ventorum vi agitatur et turbatur
- vis in Harry Thurston Peck, editor (1898) Harper's Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, New York: Harper & Brothers
- vis in William Smith et al., editor (1890) A Dictionary of Greek and Roman Antiquities, London: William Wayte. G. E. Marindin
- vis in Richard Stillwell et al., editor (1976) The Princeton Encyclopedia of Classical Sites, Princeton, N.J.: Princeton University Press
- De Vaan, Michiel (2008) Etymological Dictionary of Latin and the other Italic Languages (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 7), Leiden, Boston: Brill
- Julius Pokorny (1959), Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch, in 3 vols, Bern, München: Francke Verlag
Latvian
Particle
vis (invariable)
- Used to strengthen denying of the verb
- nav vis ― not at all
- es neiešu vis ― I shall not go
Norman
Norwegian Bokmål
Adjective
vis (neuter singular vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visere, indefinite superlative visest, definite superlative viseste)
Derived terms
Etymology 2
Norwegian Nynorsk
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋiːs/
Noun
vis m (definite singular visen, indefinite plural visar, definite plural visane)
vis f (definite singular visa, indefinite plural viser, definite plural visene)
vis n (definite singular viset, indefinite plural vis, definite plural visa)
Adjective
vis (masculine and feminine vis, neuter vist, definite singular and plural vise, comparative visare, indefinite superlative visast, definite superlative visaste)
- wise
- Han er ein vis mann.
- He is a wise man.
- Han er ein vis mann.
Etymology 3
Old French
Noun
vis m (oblique plural vis, nominative singular vis, nominative plural vis)
Piedmontese
Portuguese
Romanian
Pronunciation
IPA(key): [vis]
Declension
Serbo-Croatian
Etymology
From Proto-Slavic *vysь.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʋîːs/
Noun
vȋs m (Cyrillic spelling ви̑с)
Declension
Swedish
Pronunciation
audio (file)
Etymology 1
From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable”).
Declension
Inflection of vis | |||
---|---|---|---|
Indefinite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative2 |
Common singular | vis | visare | visast |
Neuter singular | vist | visare | visast |
Plural | visa | visare | visast |
Definite | Positive | Comparative | Superlative |
Masculine singular1 | vise | visare | visaste |
All | visa | visare | visaste |
1) Only used, optionally, to refer to things whose natural gender is masculine. 2) The indefinite superlative forms are only used in the predicative. |
Usage notes
- In de tre vise männen (“the three wise men”), an antiquated weak masculine plural form vise is used.
Etymology 2
From Old Norse vís, from Proto-Germanic *wīsą.
Westrobothnian
Etymology
From Old Norse víss, from Proto-Germanic *wīsaz, from Proto-Indo-European *weydstos (“knowledgeable.”)
Zealandic
Etymology
From Middle Dutch visch, from Old Dutch fisc, from Proto-Germanic *fiskaz, from Proto-Indo-European *pisḱ-.