venger

See also: vëngër

English

Noun

venger (plural vengers)

  1. Obsolete form of avenger.

Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for venger in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)

French

Etymology

From Middle French venger, vengier, from Old French vengier, from Latin vindicāre, present active infinitive of vindicō.

Pronunciation

Verb

venger

  1. to avenge, to take revenge (upon)

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written venge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of venger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle vengeant
/vɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
past participle vengé
/vɑ̃.ʒe/
infinitive
simple venger
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple vengeant
/vɑ̃.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present venge
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 venges
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 venge
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 vengeons
/vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/		 vengez
/vɑ̃.ʒe/		 vengent
/vɑ̃ʒ/
imperfect vengeais
/vɑ̃.ʒɛ/		 vengeais
/vɑ̃.ʒɛ/		 vengeait
/vɑ̃.ʒɛ/		 vengions
/vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/		 vengiez
/vɑ̃.ʒje/		 vengeaient
/vɑ̃.ʒɛ/
past historic2 vengeai
/vɑ̃.ʒe/		 vengeas
/vɑ̃.ʒa/		 vengea
/vɑ̃.ʒa/		 vengeâmes
/vɑ̃.ʒam/		 vengeâtes
/vɑ̃.ʒat/		 vengèrent
/vɑ̃.ʒɛʁ/
future vengerai
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/		 vengeras
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/		 vengera
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁa/		 vengerons
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/		 vengerez
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁe/		 vengeront
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional vengerais
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 vengerais
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 vengerait
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 vengerions
/vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/		 vengeriez
/vɑ̃.ʒə.ʁje/		 vengeraient
/vɑ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present venge
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 venges
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 venge
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 vengions
/vɑ̃.ʒjɔ̃/		 vengiez
/vɑ̃.ʒje/		 vengent
/vɑ̃ʒ/
imperfect2 vengeasse
/vɑ̃.ʒas/		 vengeasses
/vɑ̃.ʒas/		 vengeât
/vɑ̃.ʒa/		 vengeassions
/vɑ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/		 vengeassiez
/vɑ̃.ʒa.sje/		 vengeassent
/vɑ̃.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — venge
/vɑ̃ʒ/		 — vengeons
/vɑ̃.ʒɔ̃/		 vengez
/vɑ̃.ʒe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Norwegian Nynorsk

Alternative forms

Noun

venger m

  1. indefinite plural of veng

Old French

Verb

venger

  1. Alternative form of vengier

Conjugation

This verb conjugates as a first-group verb ending in -er. In the present tense an extra supporting e is needed in the first-person singular indicative and throughout the singular subjunctive, and the third-person singular subjunctive ending -t is lost. In addition, g becomes j before an a or an o to keep the /dʒ/ sound intact. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.

    Conjugation of venger (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
simple compound
infinitive venger avoir vengé
gerund en venjant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle venjant
past participle vengé
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative jo tu il nos vos il
simple
tenses		 present venge venges venge venjons vengez vengent
imperfect venjoie, vengeie, venjoe, vengeve venjoies, vengeies, venjoes, vengeves venjoit, vengeit, venjot, vengeve vengiiens, vengiens vengiiez, vengiez venjoient, vengeient, venjoent, vengevent
preterite venjai venjas venja venjames venjastes vengerent
future vengerai vengeras vengera vengerons vengeroiz, vengereiz, vengerez vengeront
conditional vengeroie, vengereie vengeroies, vengereies vengeroit, vengereit vengeriiens, vengeriens vengeriiez, vengeriez vengeroient, vengereient
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que jo que tu qu’il que nos que vos qu’il
simple
tenses		 present venge venges venge venjons vengez vengent
imperfect venjasse venjasses venjast vengissons, vengissiens vengissoiz, vengissez, vengissiez venjassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nos vos –
— venge — venjons vengez —
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