tʾp̄k'

Middle Persian

Etymology

From Proto-Iranian *tāpaka- (“heater or baking place or cooking place”), ultimately from *tap- (“to warm up, heat”), from Proto-Indo-European *tep- (“be warm, be hot”). Alternatively, from the homonymous Proto-Iranian root *tap- (“flat”), from the fact that a flat stone could serve as a cooking place. The contamination of both is also possible.

Compare Baluchi تہافغ‎ (thafaġ, “oven”), Sogdian [script needed] (tpʾkh /tapāk/, “fever”), Sanskrit तापक (tāpaka, “heating, inflaming, refining; causing pain; fever; cooking stove”).

Noun

tʾp̄k' • (tābag)

  1. frying pan

Descendants
  • Persian: تابه‎ (tâbe), تاوه‎ (tâve)
    • Tajik: тоба (toba), това (tova)
    • → Abaza: таба (tābā)
    • → Adyghe: табэ (tābă)
    • → Azerbaijani: tava
    • → Bashkir: таба (taba)
    • → Dargwa: тава (tava)
    • → Georgian: ტაფა (ṭapa)
      • → Ossetian: тъапа (t’apa)
    • → Kabardian: табэ (tābă)
    • → Karachay-Balkar: таба
    • → Kazakh: таба (taba)
    • → Kumyk: тава
    • → Kurdish:
      Northern Kurdish: tawe, tawan
    • → Kyrgyz: таба (taba)
    • → Ossetian: те́бӕ (tébæ), таба (taba), табай (tabaj), теби (tebi) (via a Turkic language)
    • → Ottoman Turkish: تاوه‎ (tava), طاوه‎ (tava), تابا‎ (taba), طابا‎ (taba)
      • Turkish: tava
      • → Albanian: tavë
      • → Bulgarian: тава (tava)
      • → Greek: νταβάς (davás), ταβάς (tavás)
      • → Macedonian: тава (tava)
      • → Middle Armenian: թաւայ (tʿaway)
      • → Romanian: tavă
      • → Serbo-Croatian:
        Cyrillic: тава
        Latin: tava
      • → Zazaki: tava
    • → Siberian Tatar: таба (taba)
    • → Svan: ტაფა̈ (ṭapä)
    • → Tatar: таба (taba)
    • → Turkmen: taba
    • → Udmurt: таба (taba)
    • → Uzbek: tova

Taking Middle Persian as representative for all Middle Iranian:

  • → Arabic: طَابَق‎ (ṭābaq), طَابِق‎ (ṭābiq), طَابَاق‎ (ṭābāq, “big brick”), طَابُوق‎ (ṭābūq, “brick”)
  • → Aramaic:
    Classical Syriac: ܛܒܩܐ‎ (ṭbqʾ /ṭabqā/)
    Jewish Babylonian Aramaic: טפקא‎ (ṭpqʾ /ṭāpqā/)
  • → Old Armenian: տապակ (tapak)

References
  • Dehkhoda, Ali-Akbar (1931–), “tʾp̄k'‎”, in Dehkhoda Dictionary Institute, editors, Dehkhoda Dictionary (in Persian), Tehran: University of Tehran Press
  • MacKenzie, D. N. (1971), “tābag”, in A concise Pahlavi dictionary, London, New York, Toronto: Oxford University Press, page 81
  • Radloff, Friedrich Wilhelm (1905) Versuch eines Wörterbuches der Türk-Dialecte (in German), volume III, Saint Petersburg: Imperial Academy of Sciences, column 960
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1895) Persische Studien [Persian Studies] (in German), Strasbourg: K.J. Trübner, page 46
  • Hübschmann, Heinrich (1897) Armenische Grammatik. 1. Theil: Armenische Etymologie (in German), Leipzig: Breitkopf & Härtel, page 252
  • Ačaṙean, Hračʿeay (1979), “տապակ”, in Hayerēn armatakan baṙaran [Dictionary of Armenian Root Words] (in Armenian), volume IV, 2nd edition, reprint of the original 1926–1935 seven-volume edition, Yerevan: University Press, pages 372—373
  • Lokotsch, Karl (1927) Etymologisches Wörterbuch der europäischen Wörter orientalischen Ursprungs (in German), Heidelberg: Carl Winter’s Universitätsbuchhandlung, § 2051, page 161a
  • Abajev, V. I. (1979) Istoriko-etimologičeskij slovarʹ osetinskovo jazyka [Historical-Etymological Dictionary of the Ossetian Language] (in Russian), volume III, Moscow, Leningrad: USSR Academy of Sciences, pages 244, 287
  • Olsen, Birgit Anette (1999) The noun in Biblical Armenian: origin and word-formation: with special emphasis on the Indo-European heritage (Trends in linguistics. Studies and monographs; 119), Berlin, New York: Mouton de Gruyter, page 246
  • Steblin-Kamenskij, I.M. (1999) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ vaxanskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Wakhi Language] (in Russian), Saint Petersburg: Peterburgskoje Vostokovedenije, →ISBN, page 319
  • Cabolov, R. L. (2010) Etimologičeskij slovarʹ kurdskovo jazyka [Etymological Dictionary of the Kurdish Language] (in Russian), volume II, Moscow: Russian Academy Press Vostochnaya Literatura, page 400
  • Cheung, Johnny (2007) Etymological Dictionary of the Iranian Verb (Leiden Indo-European Etymological Dictionary Series; 2), Leiden, Boston: Brill, →ISBN, page 379
  • Ciancaglini, Claudia A. (2008) Iranian loanwords in Syriac (Beiträge zur Iranistik; 28), Wiesbaden: Dr. Ludwig Reichert Verlag, page 181
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