tohtima
Estonian
Etymology
Of Finno-Permic origin. Possibly ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *dʰers-, in which case it would be distantly related to English dare. Cognate with Finnish tohtia.
Conjugation
Inflection of tohtima (ÕS type 28/õppima, ht-h gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | tohin | ei tohi | 1st sing. | olen tohtinud | ei ole tohtinud pole tohtinud |
| 2nd sing. | tohid | 2nd sing. | oled tohtinud | ||
| 3rd sing. | tohib | 3rd sing. | on tohtinud | ||
| 1st plur. | tohime | 1st plur. | oleme tohtinud | ||
| 2nd plur. | tohite | 2nd plur. | olete tohtinud | ||
| 3rd plur. | tohivad | 3rd plur. | on tohtinud | ||
| passive | tohitakse | ei tohita | passive | on tohitud | ei ole tohitud pole tohitud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | tohtisin | ei tohtinud | 1st sing. | olin tohtinud | ei olnud tohtinud polnud tohtinud |
| 2nd sing. | tohtisid | 2nd sing. | olid tohtinud | ||
| 3rd sing. | tohtis | 3rd sing. | oli tohtinud | ||
| 1st plur. | tohtisime | 1st plur. | olime tohtinud | ||
| 2nd plur. | tohtisite | 2nd plur. | olite tohtinud | ||
| 3rd plur. | tohtisid | 3rd plur. | oli tohtinud | ||
| passive | tohiti | ei tohitud | passive | oli tohitud | ei olnud tohitud polnud tohitud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | tohiksin | ei tohiks | 1st sing. | oleksin tohtinud | ei oleks tohtinud poleks tohtinud |
| 2nd sing. | tohiksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid tohtinud | ||
| 3rd sing. | tohiks | 3rd sing. | oleks tohtinud | ||
| 1st plur. | tohiksime | 1st plur. | oleksime tohtinud | ||
| 2nd plur. | tohiksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite tohtinud | ||
| 3rd plur. | tohiksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid tohtinud | ||
| passive | tohitaks | ei tohitaks | passive | oleks tohitud | ei oleks tohitud poleks tohitud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | tohi | ära tohi | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | tohtigu | ärgu tohtigu | 3rd sing. | olgu tohtinud | ärgu olgu tohtinud |
| 1st plur. | tohtigem | ärgem tohtigem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | tohtige | ärge tohtige | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | tohtigu | ärgu tohtigu | 3rd plur. | olgu tohtinud | ärgu olgu tohtinud |
| passive | tohitagu | ärgu tohitagu | passive | olgu tohitud | ärgu olgu tohitud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | tohtivat | ei tohtivat | active | olevat tohtinud | ei olevat tohtinud polevat tohtinud |
| passive | tohitavat | ei tohitavat | passive | olevat tohitud | ei olevat tohitud polevat tohitud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | tohtida | ||||||
| nominative | tohtima | tohitama | des-form | tohtides | |||||
| inessive | tohtimas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | tohtimast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | tohtimaks | — | present | tohtiv | tohitav | ||||
| abessive | tohtimata | — | past | tohtinud | tohitud | ||||
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