surcharger
English
Noun
surcharger (plural surchargers)
- One who surcharges.
Part or all of this entry has been imported from the 1913 edition of Webster’s Dictionary, which is now free of copyright and hence in the public domain. The imported definitions may be significantly out of date, and any more recent senses may be completely missing.
(See the entry for surcharger in Webster’s Revised Unabridged Dictionary, G. & C. Merriam, 1913.)
French
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/
Verb
surcharger
- (transitive) to overcharge
- (transitive) to overload, overburden, overcrowd
- (transitive) to surcharge
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written surcharge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of surcharger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | surchargeant /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | surchargé /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | surcharger | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | surchargeant /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect | surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargeais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargeait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ |
surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
surchargeaient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | surchargeai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
surchargeas /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargea /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargeâmes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒam/ |
surchargeâtes /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒat/ |
surchargèrent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | surchargerai /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
surchargeras /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
surchargera /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁa/ |
surchargerons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ |
surchargerez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁe/ |
surchargeront /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerais /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerait /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ |
surchargerions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
surchargeriez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁje/ |
surchargeraient /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒə.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharges /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
surchargions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒjɔ̃/ |
surchargiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒje/ |
surchargent /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | surchargeasse /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
surchargeasses /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ |
surchargeât /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa/ |
surchargeassions /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
surchargeassiez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒa.sje/ |
surchargeassent /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | surcharge /syʁ.ʃaʁʒ/ |
— | surchargeons /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒɔ̃/ |
surchargez /syʁ.ʃaʁ.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “surcharger” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
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