sumu
Dongxiang
Etymology
From Proto-Mongolic *sumun, compare Mongolian сум (sum).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /suˈmu/, [suˈmu]
Finnish
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *sumu. Related to sumea, Ingrian sumu, Karelian sumu and Veps sumeg. Possible non-Finnic cognates include Northern Sami sopmu, Erzya сув (suv), Moksha сув (suv).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈsumu/, [ˈs̠umu]
Usage notes
The words sumu, usva and utu all describe "water vapor lightly suspended near the ground", but – strictly speaking – at different degrees. However, they may often be used synonymously with no discretion.
- Utu describes very light vapor near the ground, especially that occurring in the morning and therefore it is translated usually as "mist" or "haze".
- Usva describes a bit thicker vapor than utu near the ground, especially when considering the water travelling conditions. Therefore, it is translated usually as "mist", "haze" or "fog".
- Sumu describes very thick vapor obscuring the visibility near the ground and thus, it is translated usually as "mist" or "fog".
Declension
| Inflection of sumu (Kotus type 1/valo, no gradation) | |||
|---|---|---|---|
| nominative | sumu | sumut | |
| genitive | sumun | sumujen | |
| partitive | sumua | sumuja | |
| illative | sumuun | sumuihin | |
| singular | plural | ||
| nominative | sumu | sumut | |
| accusative | nom. | sumu | sumut |
| gen. | sumun | ||
| genitive | sumun | sumujen | |
| partitive | sumua | sumuja | |
| inessive | sumussa | sumuissa | |
| elative | sumusta | sumuista | |
| illative | sumuun | sumuihin | |
| adessive | sumulla | sumuilla | |
| ablative | sumulta | sumuilta | |
| allative | sumulle | sumuille | |
| essive | sumuna | sumuina | |
| translative | sumuksi | sumuiksi | |
| instructive | — | sumuin | |
| abessive | sumutta | sumuitta | |
| comitative | — | sumuineen | |
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