sudrabs
Latvian
Etymology
From a common Balto-Slavic and Germanic stem for “silver”, not attested in other branches of Indo-European. Cognates include Lithuanian sidãbras, dialectal sudãbras, archaic sidrabas (compare Latvian dialectal forms sudabrs, sidrabs), Old Prussian siraplis (accusative form sirablan), Old Church Slavonic сьрєбро (sĭrebro) (Russian серебро́ (serebró)), Gothic 𐍃𐌹𐌻𐌿𐌱𐍂 (silubr), German Silber, English silver. There are several theories about the origin of this stem: a borrowing from Proto-Indo-Iranian *śub(h)ri apa (“clear, shining water”), or from an Anatolian language, or from a Kartvelian language, or possibly cognate with Basque zilar.[1]
Pronunciation
Noun
| Chemical element | |
|---|---|
| Ag | Previous: pallādijs (Pd) |
| Next: kadmijs (Cd) | |
sudrabs m (1st declension)
- silver (precious metal; chemical element, with atomic number 47.)
- tīrradņa sudrabs ― virgin silver
- sudraba rūda ― silver ore
- sudraba sakausējumi ― silver alloys
- sudraba nitrāts, hlorīds ― silver nitrate, chloride
- sudraba karote ― silver spoon
- sudraba medaļa ― silver medal
- sudraba kāzas ― silver wedding (i.e., 20th anniversary)
- (adjectival genitive; speaking of sounds) pure, clear, clean
- viņas balsij sudraba skaņa ― her voice has a silver sound
Declension
Declension of sudrabs (1st declension)
| singular (vienskaitlis) | plural (daudzskaitlis) | |
|---|---|---|
| nominative (nominatīvs) | sudrabs | — |
| accusative (akuzatīvs) | sudrabu | — |
| genitive (ģenitīvs) | sudraba | — |
| dative (datīvs) | sudrabam | — |
| instrumental (instrumentālis) | sudrabu | — |
| locative (lokatīvs) | sudrabā | — |
| vocative (vokatīvs) | sudrabs | — |
Derived terms
- sudrabains, (dialectal) sidrabains
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “sudrabs”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN
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