species

From Latin speciēs (“appearance; quality”), from speciō (“see”) + -iēs suffix signifying abstract noun.

• IPA^(key): /ˈspiːʃiːz/, /ˈspiːsiːz/

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species (plural species)

1. Type or kind. (Compare race.)
   • (Can we date this quote?) Richard Holt Hutton

     What is called spiritualism should, I think, be called a mental species of materialism.

   the male species, a new species of war

   1. A group of plants or animals having similar appearance.

      This species of animal is unique to the area.

      • 2012 January 1, Donald Worster, “A Drier and Hotter Future”, in American Scientist, volume 100, number 1, page 70:

        Phoenix and Lubbock are both caught in severe drought, and it is going to get much worse. We may see many such [dust] storms in the decades ahead, along with species extinctions, radical disturbance of ecosystems, and intensified social conflict over land and water. Welcome to the Anthropocene, the epoch when humans have become a major geological and climatic force.

   2. (taxonomy) A rank in the classification of organisms, below genus and above subspecies; a taxon at that rank.
      • 1859, Charles Darwin, On the Origin of Species:

        Hence, in determining whether a form should be ranked as a species or a variety, the opinion of naturalists having sound judgment and wide experience seems the only guide to follow.

      • 1992, Rudolf M[athias] Schuster, The Hepaticae and Anthocerotae of North America: East of the Hundredth Meridian, volume V, New York, N.Y.: Columbia University Press, →ISBN, page vii:

        Firstly, I continue to base most species treatments on personally collected material, rather than on herbarium plants.

      • 2013 May-June, David Van Tassel, Lee DeHaan, “Wild Plants to the Rescue”, in American Scientist, volume 101, number 3:

        Plant breeding is always a numbers game. […] The wild species we use are rich in genetic variation, and individual plants are highly heterozygous and do not breed true. In addition, we are looking for rare alleles, so the more plants we try, the better.

   3. (mineralogy) A mineral with a unique chemical formula whose crystals belong to a unique crystallographic system.
2. An image, an appearance, a spectacle.
   1. (obsolete) The image of something cast on a surface, or reflected from a surface, or refracted through a lens or telescope; a reflection.

      I cast the species of the Sun onto a sheet of paper through a telescope.

   2. Visible or perceptible presentation; appearance; something perceived.
      • (Can we date this quote?) John Dryden

        Wit, […] the faculty of imagination in the writer, which searches over all the memory for the species or ideas of those things which it designs to represent.

      • (Can we date this quote?) Isaac Newton

        the species of the letters illuminated with indigo and violet

   3. A public spectacle or exhibition.

      (Can we find and add a quotation of Francis Bacon to this entry?)

3. (Christianity) Either of the two elements of the Eucharist after they have been consecrated.
4. Coin, or coined silver, gold, or other metal, used as a circulating medium; specie.
   • (Can we date this quote?) John Arbuthnot

     There was, in the splendour of the Roman empire, a less quantity of current species in Europe than there is now.

5. A component part of compound medicine; a simple.
6. An officinal mixture or compound powder of any kind; especially, one used for making an aromatic tea or tisane; a tea mixture.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Thomas de Quincey to this entry?) (Thomas de Quincey

• specie is a separate word that means coin money, not the singular version of species.
• (biology, taxonomy, rank in the classification of organisms): See species name.

• “species” in The Oxford English Dictionary, 2nd edition, Oxford: Clarendon Press, 1989, →ISBN.

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species

1. Plural form of specie

• speciën

From speciō (“see”) + -iēs suffix signifying abstract noun.

• (Classical) IPA^(key): /ˈspe.ki.eːs/, [ˈspɛ.ki.eːs]
• (Ecclesiastical) IPA^(key): /ˈspe.t͡ʃi.es/, [ˈspeː.t͡ʃi.es]

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• Audio (Ecclesiastical)

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speciēs f (genitive speciēī); fifth declension

1. a seeing, view, look
2. a spectacle, sight
3. external appearance; general outline or shape
4. semblance, pretence, pretext, outward show
5. show, display
6. (figuratively) vision, dream, apparition
7. (figuratively) honor, reputation
8. (figuratively) a kind, quality, type
9. (law, later) a special case

Fifth-declension noun.

• speciātim

• species in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
• species in Charlton T. Lewis (1891) An Elementary Latin Dictionary, New York: Harper & Brothers
• species in Charles du Fresne du Cange’s Glossarium Mediæ et Infimæ Latinitatis (augmented edition, 1883–1887)
• Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
  • to see something in a dream: in somnis videre aliquid or speciem
    
  • I saw a vision in my dreams: species mihi dormienti oblata est
    
  • an ideal: species optima or eximia, specimen, also simply species, forma
    
  • to have formed an ideal notion of a thing: comprehensam quandam animo speciem (alicuius rei) habere
    
  • to pass as a man of great learning: magnam doctrinae speciem prae se ferre
    
  • to analyse a general division into its specific parts: genus universum in species certas partiri et dividere (Or. 33. 117)
    
  • to have the appearance of something: speciem alicuius rei habere
    
  • to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of..: speciem alicuius rei praebere
    
  • to give the impression of...; have the outward aspect of..: speciem prae se ferre
    
  • apparently; to look at: in speciem
    
  • apparently; to look at: per speciem (alicuius rei)
    
  • (ambiguous) in truth; really: re (vera), reapse (opp. specie)
    
  • (ambiguous) apparently; to look at: specie (De Amic. 13. 47)