plier

English

Etymology

ply +‎ -er

Noun

plier (plural pliers)

  1. One who plies.

See also

Anagrams

French

Etymology

From Latin plicāre, present active infinitive of plicō. This produced Old French ploiier, pleier in Old French, which was later changed analogically under the influence of the stressed stem pli-.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /pli.je/
  • audio(file)

Verb

plier

  1. (transitive) to fold (bend (something) over; arrange by folding)
  2. to fold up
  3. to bend
  4. to mess up; to do in; to damage
  5. (figuratively) to kill, kill off (a game)

Conjugation
Conjugation of plier (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle pliant
/pli.jɑ̃/
past participle plié
/pli.je/
infinitive
simple plier
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple pliant
/pli.jɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie
/pli/		 plies
/pli/		 plie
/pli/		 plions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliez
/pli.je/		 plient
/pli/
imperfect pliais
/pli.jɛ/		 pliais
/pli.jɛ/		 pliait
/pli.jɛ/		 pliions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliiez
/pli.je/		 pliaient
/pli.jɛ/
past historic2 pliai
/pli.je/		 plias
/pli.ja/		 plia
/pli.ja/		 pliâmes
/pli.jam/		 pliâtes
/pli.jat/		 plièrent
/pli.jɛʁ/
future plierai
/pli.ʁe/		 plieras
/pli.ʁa/		 pliera
/pli.ʁa/		 plierons
/pli.ʁɔ̃/		 plierez
/pli.ʁe/		 plieront
/pli.ʁɔ̃/
conditional plierais
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierais
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierait
/pli.ʁɛ/		 plierions
/pli.ʁjɔ̃/		 plieriez
/pli.ʁje/		 plieraient
/pli.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present plie
/pli/		 plies
/pli/		 plie
/pli/		 pliions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliiez
/pli.je/		 plient
/pli/
imperfect2 pliasse
/pli.jas/		 pliasses
/pli.jas/		 pliât
/pli.ja/		 pliassions
/pli.ja.sjɔ̃/		 pliassiez
/pli.ja.sje/		 pliassent
/pli.jas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — plie
/pli/		 — plions
/pli.jɔ̃/		 pliez
/pli.je/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

Derived terms

Further reading

Anagrams

Middle French

Etymology

Modified from Old French pleier, ploiier under the influence of the stressed stem pli-.

Verb

plier

  1. to fold

Conjugation
  • Middle French conjugation varies from one text to another. Hence, the following conjugation should be considered as typical, not as exhaustive.
   Conjugation of plier
simple compound
infinitive plier avoir plié
gerund en pliant Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle
present participle pliant
past participle plié
person singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative ie (may be i' before a vowel) tu il nous vous ilz, elles
simple
tenses		 present plie plies plie plions pliez plient
imperfect pliois, plioys pliois, plioys plioit, plioyt pliions, pliyons pliiez, pliyez plioient, plioyent
past historic plia plias plia pliasmes pliastes plierent
future plierai, plieray plieras pliera plierons plierez plieront
conditional plierois, plieroys plierois, plieroys plieroit, plieroyt plierions, plieryons plieriez, plieryez plieroient, plieroyent
compound
tenses		 present perfect Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle
past anterior Use the past historic tense of avoir followed by the past participle
future perfect Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle
conditional perfect Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle
subjunctive que ie que tu qu'il que nous que vous qu'ilz, qu'elles
simple
tenses		 present plie plies plie plions pliez plient
imperfect pliasse pliasses pliast pliassions pliassiez pliassent
compound
tenses		 past Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
pluperfect Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
— plie — plions pliez —

Descendants
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