plaindre
French
Etymology
From Middle French plaindre, pleindre, from Old French plaindre, pleindre, from Latin plangere, present active infinitive of plangō, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *pleh₂k-.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /plɛ̃dʁ/
audio (file)
Conjugation
This verb is conjugated like peindre. It uses the same endings as rendre or vendre, but its -nd- becomes -gn- before a vowel, and its past participle ends in ‘t’ instead of a vowel.
Conjugation of plaindre (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | plaignant /plɛ.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | plaint /plɛ̃/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | plaindre | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | plaignant /plɛ.ɲɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plains /plɛ̃/ |
plains /plɛ̃/ |
plaint /plɛ̃/ |
plaignons /plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
plaignez /plɛ.ɲe/ |
plaignent /plɛɲ/ |
| imperfect | plaignais /plɛ.ɲɛ/ |
plaignais /plɛ.ɲɛ/ |
plaignait /plɛ.ɲɛ/ |
plaignions /plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
plaigniez /plɛ.ɲje/ |
plaignaient /plɛ.ɲɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | plaignis /plɛ.ɲi/ |
plaignis /plɛ.ɲi/ |
plaignit /plɛ.ɲi/ |
plaignîmes /plɛ.ɲim/ |
plaignîtes /plɛ.ɲit/ |
plaignirent /plɛ.ɲiʁ/ | |
| future | plaindrai /plɛ̃.dʁe/ |
plaindras /plɛ̃.dʁa/ |
plaindra /plɛ̃.dʁa/ |
plaindrons /plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ |
plaindrez /plɛ̃.dʁe/ |
plaindront /plɛ̃.dʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | plaindrais /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrais /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrait /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ |
plaindrions /plɛ̃.dʁi.jɔ̃/ |
plaindriez /plɛ̃.dʁi.je/ |
plaindraient /plɛ̃.dʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | plaigne /plɛɲ/ |
plaignes /plɛɲ/ |
plaigne /plɛɲ/ |
plaignions /plɛ.ɲjɔ̃/ |
plaigniez /plɛ.ɲje/ |
plaignent /plɛɲ/ |
| imperfect2 | plaignisse /plɛ.ɲis/ |
plaignisses /plɛ.ɲis/ |
plaignît /plɛ.ɲi/ |
plaignissions /plɛ.ɲi.sjɔ̃/ |
plaignissiez /plɛ.ɲi.sje/ |
plaignissent /plɛ.ɲis/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | plains /plɛ̃/ |
— | plaignons /plɛ.ɲɔ̃/ |
plaignez /plɛ.ɲe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “plaindre” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Old French
Alternative forms
Verb
plaindre
- (reflexive, se plaindre) to cry; to weep
- circa 1170, Wace, Le Roman de Rou:
- Mult oïssiez plorer e plaindre.
- There was much crying and wailing.
-
Conjugation
This verb conjugates as a third-group verb. This verb ends in a palatal stem, so there is an extra i before the e of some endings. This verb has irregularities in its conjugation. Old French conjugation varies significantly by date and by region. The following conjugation should be treated as a guide.
Conjugation of plaindre (see also Appendix:Old French verbs)
| simple | compound | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| infinitive | plaindre | avoir plaint | |||||
| gerund | en plaignant | Use the gerund of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| present participle | plaignant | ||||||
| past participle | plaint | ||||||
| person | singular | plural | |||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | jo | tu | il | nos | vos | il | |
| simple tenses |
present | plaing | plainz | plaint | plaignons | plaigniez | plaignent |
| imperfect | plaignoie, plaigneie | plaignoies, plaigneies | plaignoit, plaigneit | plaigniiens, plaigniens | plaigniiez, plaigniez | plaignoient, plaigneient | |
| preterite | plains | plainsis | plainst | plainsimes | plainsistes | plainstrent | |
| future | plaindrai | plaindras | plaindra | plaindrons | plaindroiz, plaindreiz, plaindrez | plaindront | |
| conditional | plaindroie, plaindreie | plaindroies, plaindreies | plaindroit, plaindreit | plaindriiens, plaindriens | plaindriiez, plaindriez | plaindroient, plaindreient | |
| compound tenses |
present perfect | Use the present tense of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| past anterior | Use the preterite tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | Use the future tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | Use the conditional tense of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que jo | que tu | qu’il | que nos | que vos | qu’il | |
| simple tenses |
present | plaigne, plange | plaignes, planges | plaigne, plange | plaigniens, plaignons, plangiens, planjons | plaigniez, plangiez | plaignent, plangent |
| imperfect | plainsisse | plainsisses | plainsist | plainsissons, plainsissiens | plainsissoiz, plainsissez, plainsissiez | plainsissent | |
| compound tenses |
past | Use the present subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | Use the imperfect subjunctive of avoir followed by the past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | tu | – | nos | vos | – | |
| — | plaing | — | plaignons | plaigniez | — | ||
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