patronage

From Middle English patronage, from Old French patronage (modern French patronage).

• IPA^(key): /ˈpeɪtɹənɪd͡ʒ/

patronage (countable and uncountable, plural patronages)

1. The act of providing approval and support; backing; championship.

   His vigorous patronage of the conservatives got him in trouble with progressives.

2. Customers collectively; clientele; business.

   The restaurant had an upper-class patronage.

3. A communication that indicates lack of respect by patronizing the recipient; condescension; disdain.
4. (politics) Granting favours or giving contracts or making appointments to office in return for political support.
   • 2015, Thomas J. Gradel, Dick Simpson, Corrupt Illinois: Patronage, Cronyism, and Criminality, University of Illinois Press (→ISBN), page 117:

     Patronage, nepotism, cronyism, abuse of power, and criminal activity flourish, sometimes for decades, in numerous town halls, police stations, and special-purpose government agencies in the suburbs.

5. Guardianship, as of a saint; tutelary care.
   • 1864, Eliza Farnham, Woman and Her Era:

     Each of the Arts whose office is to refine, purify, adorn, embellish and grace life is under the patronage of a Muse, no god being found worthy to preside over them.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Addison to this entry?)

6. The right of nomination to political office.
7. (Britain, law) The right of presentation to church or ecclesiastical benefice; advowson.

   (Can we find and add a quotation of Blackstone to this entry?)

patronage (third-person singular simple present patronages, present participle patronaging, simple past and past participle patronaged)

1. (transitive) To support by being a patron of.
   • 2003, Hubert Michael Seiwert, Popular Religious Movements and Heterodox Sects in Chinese History, →ISBN, page 62:

     Mingdi continued the policy of his father who had patronaged Confucian learning.

   • 2004, C.K. Gandhirajan, Organized Crime‎, APH Publishing Corporation, →ISBN, page 147:

     Table 5.4 reveals the role of criminal gangs’ patron under each crime category. From this, we can understand that 74 percent of the mercenaries are patronaged and supported by the politicians either of the ruling or opposition party.

   • 2007, Stefaan Fiers and Ineke Secker, “6, A Career through the Party”, in Maurizio Cotta and Heinrich Best, editors, Democratic Representation in Europe‎, Oxford University Press, →ISBN, page 138:

     To summarize: a person with a party political background is thus defined as ‘a person that has served in (a) […] and/or (b) a non-elective position inside the party administration of patronaged position in another organisation, i.e. the political functionary’.

2. (transitive) To be a regular customer or client of; to patronize

   Synonyms: support, keep going

   • c. 1880,, The Primary Teacher‎, volume 3, New-England Publishing Company, page 63:

     This house is largely patronaged by the professors and students of many of the Educational Institutions of New England and the Middle States; and all perons visiting New York, either for business or pleasure, will find this an excellent place at which to stop.

   • 1902 May 1, Oregon Poultry Journal‎, page 27:

     Mr. F. A. Welch, of the Oak View Poultry Farm, Salem, starts an add with us this issue. […] Our readers will be treated well, if they patronage Mr. Welch.

   • 2002, Kevin Fox Gotham, Race, Real Estate, and Uneven Development‎, SUNY Press, →ISBN, page 28:

     Most public establishments catered to Blacks, and Whites actively patronaged some black-owned businesses (Martin 1982, 6, 9–11; Slingsby 1980, 31–32).

patron +‎ -age

• IPA^(key): /pa.tʁɔ.naʒ/

• audio

  (file)

• Rhymes: -aʒ

patronage m (plural patronages)

1. Patronage

• “patronage” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).

From Old French patronage; equivalent to patroun +‎ -age.

• IPA^(key): /patroːˈnaːdʒ(ə)/, /patruːˈnaːdʒ(ə)/, /paˈtroːnadʒ(ə)/, /paˈtruːnadʒ(ə)/

patronage (plural patronagis)

1. The privilege of being able to choose ecclesiastical appointees; advowson.

• English: patronage

• “patrōnāǧe, n.” in MED Online, Ann Arbor, Mich.: University of Michigan, 2007, retrieved 2019-03-17.