oskama
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *osat'ak, with an added -k- in analogy with similar gradation patterns. Equivalent to osa + -ma. Cognate to Finnish osata and Votic õzata.
Verb
oskama (da-infinitive osata)
- to know how to do something, can
- Ma ei oska veel autoga sõita.
- I can't drive a car yet.
Conjugation
Inflection of oskama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, k-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | oskan | ei oska | 1st sing. | olen osanud | ei ole osanud pole osanud |
| 2nd sing. | oskad | 2nd sing. | oled osanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | oskab | 3rd sing. | on osanud | ||
| 1st plur. | oskame | 1st plur. | oleme osanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | oskate | 2nd plur. | olete osanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | oskavad | 3rd plur. | on osanud | ||
| passive | osatakse | ei osata | passive | on osatud | ei ole osatud pole osatud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | oskasin | ei osanud | 1st sing. | olin osanud | ei olnud osanud polnud osanud |
| 2nd sing. | oskasid | 2nd sing. | olid osanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | oskas | 3rd sing. | oli osanud | ||
| 1st plur. | oskasime | 1st plur. | olime osanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | oskasite | 2nd plur. | olite osanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | oskasid | 3rd plur. | oli osanud | ||
| passive | osati | ei osatud | passive | oli osatud | ei olnud osatud polnud osatud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | oskaksin | ei oskaks | 1st sing. | oleksin osanud | ei oleks osanud poleks osanud |
| 2nd sing. | oskaksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid osanud | ||
| 3rd sing. | oskaks | 3rd sing. | oleks osanud | ||
| 1st plur. | oskaksime | 1st plur. | oleksime osanud | ||
| 2nd plur. | oskaksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite osanud | ||
| 3rd plur. | oskaksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid osanud | ||
| passive | osataks | ei osataks | passive | oleks osatud | ei oleks osatud poleks osatud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | oska | ära oska | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | osaku | ärgu osaku | 3rd sing. | olgu osanud | ärgu olgu osanud |
| 1st plur. | osakem | ärgem osakem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | osake | ärge osake | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | osaku | ärgu osaku | 3rd plur. | olgu osanud | ärgu olgu osanud |
| passive | osatagu | ärgu osatagu | passive | olgu osatud | ärgu olgu osatud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | oskavat | ei oskavat | active | olevat osanud | ei olevat osanud polevat osanud |
| passive | osatavat | ei osatavat | passive | olevat osatud | ei olevat osatud polevat osatud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | osata | ||||||
| nominative | oskama | osatama | des-form | osates | |||||
| inessive | oskamas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | oskamast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | oskamaks | — | present | oskav | osatav | ||||
| abessive | oskamata | — | past | osanud | osatud | ||||
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