nḏm

See also: NDM and nDm

Egyptian

Etymology

From Proto-Afro-Asiatic *nx̣m. Cognate with Proto-Semitic *nʿm-.[1]

Pronunciation

(adjective:)

 
  • (reconstructed) IPA(key): /ˈnaːcʼim/ → /ˈnaːtʼim/ → /ˈnoːtʼəm/

Verb

 3-lit.

  1. (intransitive) to be(come) sweet
  2. (intransitive) to be(come) pleasant or charming

Inflection
Conjugation of nḏm (triliteral / 3-lit. / 3rad.) — base stem: nḏm, geminated stem: nḏmm
infinitival forms imperative
infinitive negatival complement complementary infinitive1 singular plural
nḏm
 nḏmw, nḏm
 nḏmt
 nḏm
 nḏm
‘pseudoverbal’ forms
stative stem periphrastic imperfective2 periphrastic prospective2
nḏm
 ḥr nḏm
 m nḏm
 r nḏm
suffix conjugation
aspect / mood active passive contingent
aspect / mood active passive
perfect nḏm.n
 nḏmw, nḏm
 consecutive nḏm.jn
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
terminative nḏmt
perfective3 nḏm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 obligative nḏm.ḫr
 active + .tj1, .tw2
imperfective nḏm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
prospective3 nḏm
 nḏmm
 potentialis nḏm.kꜣ
 active + .tj1, .tw2
active + .tj1, .tw2
subjunctive nḏm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
verbal adjectives
aspect / mood relative (incl. nominal / emphatic) forms participles
active passive active passive
perfect nḏm.n
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 — —
perfective nḏm
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 nḏm
 nḏm, nḏmw5, nḏmy5
imperfective nḏm, nḏmy, nḏmw5
 active + .tj1, .tw2
 nḏm, nḏmj6, nḏmy6
 nḏm, nḏmw5
prospective nḏm, nḏmtj7
 — nḏmtj4, nḏmt4
  1. Used in Old Egyptian; archaic by Middle Egyptian.
  2. Used mostly since Middle Egyptian.
  3. Archaic or greatly restricted in usage by Middle Egyptian. The perfect has mostly taken over the functions of the perfective, and the subjunctive and periphrastic prospective have mostly replaced the prospective.
  4. Declines using third-person suffix pronouns instead of adjectival endings: masculine .f/.fj, feminine .s/.sj, plural .sn.
  5. Only in the masculine singular.
  6. Only in the masculine.
  7. Only in the feminine.

Alternative forms
Alternative hieroglyphic writings of nḏm  
nḏm nḏm nḏm

Adjective
  1. sweet
  2. pleasant, charming
    • c. 1450 BCE, The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Cairo Museum 34010:[2]




      nḏmwj jmꜣt.k r šnbt.j
      [How] pleasant is your grace to my breast!

Inflection
Declension of nḏm (perfective active participle)
masculine feminine
singular nḏm
 nḏmt
dual nḏmwj
 nḏmtj
plural nḏmw
 nḏmwt1, nḏmt2
  1. Archaic in Middle Egyptian when modifying a noun.
  2. From Middle Egyptian, this feminine singular form was generally used for the plural.
    In Late Egyptian, the masculine singular form was used with all nouns.

Alternative forms

See under the verb section above.

References
  • James P[eter] Allen (2010) Middle Egyptian: An Introduction to the Language and Culture of Hieroglyphs, 2nd edition, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, 241 page 121, 241.
  • Hoch, James (1997) Middle Egyptian Grammar, Mississauga: Benben Publications, →ISBN, page 128
  1. Loprieno, Antonio (1995) Ancient Egyptian: A Linguistic Introduction, Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, →ISBN, page 32
  2. Middle Egyptian Grammar: The Poetical Stela of Thutmose III: Part I, Dr. Gabor Toth, Rutgers University.
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