nutma
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *nuttadak, ultimately onomatopoeia. Cognate to Veps nutta (“to bark, to hoot, to revile”) and Livonian nutt (“to call, to yell, to bark”).
Conjugation
Inflection of nutma (ÕS type 35/petma, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | nutan | ei nuta | 1st sing. | olen nutnud | ei ole nutnud pole nutnud |
| 2nd sing. | nutad | 2nd sing. | oled nutnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | nutab | 3rd sing. | on nutnud | ||
| 1st plur. | nutame | 1st plur. | oleme nutnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | nutate | 2nd plur. | olete nutnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | nutavad | 3rd plur. | on nutnud | ||
| passive | nutetakse | ei nuteta | passive | on nutetud | ei ole nutetud pole nutetud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | nutsin | ei nutnud | 1st sing. | olin nutnud | ei olnud nutnud polnud nutnud |
| 2nd sing. | nutsid | 2nd sing. | olid nutnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | nuttis | 3rd sing. | oli nutnud | ||
| 1st plur. | nutsime | 1st plur. | olime nutnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | nutsite | 2nd plur. | olite nutnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | nutsid | 3rd plur. | oli nutnud | ||
| passive | nuteti | ei nutetud | passive | oli nutetud | ei olnud nutetud polnud nutetud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | nutaksin | ei nutaks | 1st sing. | oleksin nutnud | ei oleks nutnud poleks nutnud |
| 2nd sing. | nutaksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid nutnud | ||
| 3rd sing. | nutaks | 3rd sing. | oleks nutnud | ||
| 1st plur. | nutaksime | 1st plur. | oleksime nutnud | ||
| 2nd plur. | nutaksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite nutnud | ||
| 3rd plur. | nutaksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid nutnud | ||
| passive | nutetaks | ei nutetaks | passive | oleks nutetud | ei oleks nutetud poleks nutetud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | nuta | ära nuta | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | nutku | ärgu nutku | 3rd sing. | olgu nutnud | ärgu olgu nutnud |
| 1st plur. | nutkem | ärgem nutkem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | nutke | ärge nutke | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | nutku | ärgu nutku | 3rd plur. | olgu nutnud | ärgu olgu nutnud |
| passive | nutetagu | ärgu nutetagu | passive | olgu nutetud | ärgu olgu nutetud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | nutvat | ei nutvat | active | olevat nutnud | ei olevat nutnud polevat nutnud |
| passive | nutetavat | ei nutetavat | passive | olevat nutetud | ei olevat nutetud polevat nutetud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | nutta | ||||||
| nominative | nutma | nutetama | des-form | nuttes | |||||
| inessive | nutmas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | nutmast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | nutmaks | — | present | nuttev | nutetav | ||||
| abessive | nutmata | — | past | nutnud | nutetud | ||||
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