lugema
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *lukedak, from Proto-Uralic *luke- (“to count”).
Verb
lugema (da-infinitive lugeda)
Conjugation
Inflection of lugema (ÕS type 28/õppima, g-ø gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | loen | ei loe | 1st sing. | olen lugenud | ei ole lugenud pole lugenud |
| 2nd sing. | loed | 2nd sing. | oled lugenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | loeb | 3rd sing. | on lugenud | ||
| 1st plur. | loeme | 1st plur. | oleme lugenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | loete | 2nd plur. | olete lugenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | loevad | 3rd plur. | on lugenud | ||
| passive | luetakse | ei lueta | passive | on luetud | ei ole luetud pole luetud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | lugesin | ei lugenud | 1st sing. | olin lugenud | ei olnud lugenud polnud lugenud |
| 2nd sing. | lugesid | 2nd sing. | olid lugenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | luges | 3rd sing. | oli lugenud | ||
| 1st plur. | lugesime | 1st plur. | olime lugenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | lugesite | 2nd plur. | olite lugenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | lugesid | 3rd plur. | oli lugenud | ||
| passive | lueti | ei luetud | passive | oli luetud | ei olnud luetud polnud luetud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | loeksin | ei loeks | 1st sing. | oleksin lugenud | ei oleks lugenud poleks lugenud |
| 2nd sing. | loeksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid lugenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | loeks | 3rd sing. | oleks lugenud | ||
| 1st plur. | loeksime | 1st plur. | oleksime lugenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | loeksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite lugenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | loeksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid lugenud | ||
| passive | luetaks | ei luetaks | passive | oleks luetud | ei oleks luetud poleks luetud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | loe | ära loe | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | lugegu | ärgu lugegu | 3rd sing. | olgu lugenud | ärgu olgu lugenud |
| 1st plur. | lugegem | ärgem lugegem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | lugege | ärge lugege | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | lugegu | ärgu lugegu | 3rd plur. | olgu lugenud | ärgu olgu lugenud |
| passive | luetagu | ärgu luetagu | passive | olgu luetud | ärgu olgu luetud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | lugevat | ei lugevat | active | olevat lugenud | ei olevat lugenud polevat lugenud |
| passive | luetavat | ei luetavat | passive | olevat luetud | ei olevat luetud polevat luetud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | lugeda | ||||||
| nominative | lugema | luetama | des-form | lugedes | |||||
| inessive | lugemas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | lugemast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | lugemaks | — | present | lugev | luetav | ||||
| abessive | lugemata | — | past | lugenud | luetud | ||||
Related terms
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