longer

English

Pronunciation

Etymology 1

From Middle English longer, longere, normalisation of Middle English lenger, lengere (“longer”), from Old English lengra (“longer”), from Proto-Germanic *langizô (“longer”), comparative of Proto-Germanic *langaz (“long”), equivalent to long +‎ -er. Cognate with Saterland Frisian laanger (“longer”), West Frisian langer (“longer”), Dutch langer (“longer”), German länger (“longer”), Danish længere (“longer”), Swedish längre (“longer”), Icelandic lengri (“longer”).

Adjective

longer

  1. comparative form of long: more long

Adverb

longer

  1. comparative form of long: more long
Derived terms

Etymology 2

long (“yearn”) +‎ -er

Noun

longer (plural longers)

  1. One who longs or yearns for something.

French

Etymology

From long +‎ -er.

Pronunciation
  • IPA(key): /lɔ̃.ʒe/
  • audio(file)

Verb

longer

  1. to walk along, run along

Conjugation

This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written longe- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.

Conjugation of longer (see also Appendix:French verbs)
present participle longeant
/lɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/
past participle longé
/lɔ̃.ʒe/
infinitive
simple longer
compound avoir + past participle
gerund1
simple longeant
/lɔ̃.ʒɑ̃/
compound ayant + past participle
singular plural
first second third first second third
indicative je (j’) tu il, elle nous vous ils, elles
(simple
tenses)		 present longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longes
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longeons
/lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/		 longez
/lɔ̃.ʒe/		 longent
/lɔ̃ʒ/
imperfect longeais
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/		 longeais
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/		 longeait
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/		 longions
/lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/		 longiez
/lɔ̃.ʒje/		 longeaient
/lɔ̃.ʒɛ/
past historic2 longeai
/lɔ̃.ʒe/		 longeas
/lɔ̃.ʒa/		 longea
/lɔ̃.ʒa/		 longeâmes
/lɔ̃.ʒam/		 longeâtes
/lɔ̃.ʒat/		 longèrent
/lɔ̃.ʒɛʁ/
future longerai
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/		 longeras
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/		 longera
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁa/		 longerons
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/		 longerez
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁe/		 longeront
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɔ̃/
conditional longerais
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 longerais
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 longerait
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/		 longerions
/lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/		 longeriez
/lɔ̃.ʒə.ʁje/		 longeraient
/lɔ̃ʒ.ʁɛ/
(compound
tenses)		 present perfect present indicative of avoir + past participle
pluperfect imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle
past anterior2 past historic of avoir + past participle
future perfect future of avoir + past participle
conditional perfect conditional of avoir + past participle
subjunctive que je (j’) que tu qu’il, qu’elle que nous que vous qu’ils, qu’elles
(simple
tenses)		 present longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longes
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 longions
/lɔ̃.ʒjɔ̃/		 longiez
/lɔ̃.ʒje/		 longent
/lɔ̃ʒ/
imperfect2 longeasse
/lɔ̃.ʒas/		 longeasses
/lɔ̃.ʒas/		 longeât
/lɔ̃.ʒa/		 longeassions
/lɔ̃.ʒa.sjɔ̃/		 longeassiez
/lɔ̃.ʒa.sje/		 longeassent
/lɔ̃.ʒas/
(compound
tenses)		 past present subjunctive of avoir + past participle
pluperfect2 imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle
imperative – tu – nous vous –
simple — longe
/lɔ̃ʒ/		 — longeons
/lɔ̃.ʒɔ̃/		 longez
/lɔ̃.ʒe/		 —
compound — simple imperative of avoir + past participle — simple imperative of avoir + past participle simple imperative of avoir + past participle —
1 Only usable with preposition en.
2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81).

See also

Further reading

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