kulgema
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *kulkedak, from Proto-Uralic *kulke-, possibly from or akin to Proto-Indo-European *kʷelh₁-. Cognates include Finnish kulkea and Hungarian halad.
Conjugation
Inflection of kulgema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kulgen | ei kulge | 1st sing. | olen kulgenud | ei ole kulgenud pole kulgenud |
| 2nd sing. | kulged | 2nd sing. | oled kulgenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kulgeb | 3rd sing. | on kulgenud | ||
| 1st plur. | kulgeme | 1st plur. | oleme kulgenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kulgete | 2nd plur. | olete kulgenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kulgevad | 3rd plur. | on kulgenud | ||
| passive | kulgetakse | ei kulgeta | passive | on kulgetud | ei ole kulgetud pole kulgetud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kulgesin | ei kulgenud | 1st sing. | olin kulgenud | ei olnud kulgenud polnud kulgenud |
| 2nd sing. | kulgesid | 2nd sing. | olid kulgenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kulges | 3rd sing. | oli kulgenud | ||
| 1st plur. | kulgesime | 1st plur. | olime kulgenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kulgesite | 2nd plur. | olite kulgenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kulgesid | 3rd plur. | oli kulgenud | ||
| passive | kulgeti | ei kulgetud | passive | oli kulgetud | ei olnud kulgetud polnud kulgetud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kulgeksin | ei kulgeks | 1st sing. | oleksin kulgenud | ei oleks kulgenud poleks kulgenud |
| 2nd sing. | kulgeksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid kulgenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kulgeks | 3rd sing. | oleks kulgenud | ||
| 1st plur. | kulgeksime | 1st plur. | oleksime kulgenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kulgeksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite kulgenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kulgeksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid kulgenud | ||
| passive | kulgetaks | ei kulgetaks | passive | oleks kulgetud | ei oleks kulgetud poleks kulgetud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | kulge | ära kulge | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | kulgegu | ärgu kulgegu | 3rd sing. | olgu kulgenud | ärgu olgu kulgenud |
| 1st plur. | kulgegem | ärgem kulgegem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | kulgege | ärge kulgege | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | kulgegu | ärgu kulgegu | 3rd plur. | olgu kulgenud | ärgu olgu kulgenud |
| passive | kulgetagu | ärgu kulgetagu | passive | olgu kulgetud | ärgu olgu kulgetud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | kulgevat | ei kulgevat | active | olevat kulgenud | ei olevat kulgenud polevat kulgenud |
| passive | kulgetavat | ei kulgetavat | passive | olevat kulgetud | ei olevat kulgetud polevat kulgetud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | kulgeda | ||||||
| nominative | kulgema | kulgetama | des-form | kulgedes | |||||
| inessive | kulgemas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | kulgemast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | kulgemaks | — | present | kulgev | kulgetav | ||||
| abessive | kulgemata | — | past | kulgenud | kulgetud | ||||
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