kiruma
Estonian
Etymology
Of Finno-Samic origin. Cognate to Votic tširoa, tširota, Finnish kirota.
Inflection
Inflection of kiruma (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kirun | ei kiru | 1st sing. | olen kirunud | ei ole kirunud pole kirunud |
| 2nd sing. | kirud | 2nd sing. | oled kirunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kirub | 3rd sing. | on kirunud | ||
| 1st plur. | kirume | 1st plur. | oleme kirunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kirute | 2nd plur. | olete kirunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kiruvad | 3rd plur. | on kirunud | ||
| passive | kirutakse | ei kiruta | passive | on kirutud | ei ole kirutud pole kirutud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kirusin | ei kirunud | 1st sing. | olin kirunud | ei olnud kirunud polnud kirunud |
| 2nd sing. | kirusid | 2nd sing. | olid kirunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kirus | 3rd sing. | oli kirunud | ||
| 1st plur. | kirusime | 1st plur. | olime kirunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kirusite | 2nd plur. | olite kirunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kirusid | 3rd plur. | oli kirunud | ||
| passive | kiruti | ei kirutud | passive | oli kirutud | ei olnud kirutud polnud kirutud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | kiruksin | ei kiruks | 1st sing. | oleksin kirunud | ei oleks kirunud poleks kirunud |
| 2nd sing. | kiruksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid kirunud | ||
| 3rd sing. | kiruks | 3rd sing. | oleks kirunud | ||
| 1st plur. | kiruksime | 1st plur. | oleksime kirunud | ||
| 2nd plur. | kiruksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite kirunud | ||
| 3rd plur. | kiruksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid kirunud | ||
| passive | kirutaks | ei kirutaks | passive | oleks kirutud | ei oleks kirutud poleks kirutud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | kiru | ära kiru | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | kirugu | ärgu kirugu | 3rd sing. | olgu kirunud | ärgu olgu kirunud |
| 1st plur. | kirugem | ärgem kirugem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | kiruge | ärge kiruge | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | kirugu | ärgu kirugu | 3rd plur. | olgu kirunud | ärgu olgu kirunud |
| passive | kirutagu | ärgu kirutagu | passive | olgu kirutud | ärgu olgu kirutud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | kiruvat | ei kiruvat | active | olevat kirunud | ei olevat kirunud polevat kirunud |
| passive | kirutavat | ei kirutavat | passive | olevat kirutud | ei olevat kirutud polevat kirutud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | kiruda | ||||||
| nominative | kiruma | kirutama | des-form | kirudes | |||||
| inessive | kirumas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | kirumast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | kirumaks | — | present | kiruv | kirutav | ||||
| abessive | kirumata | — | past | kirunud | kirutud | ||||
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