keerama
Estonian
Etymology
From Proto-Finnic *keerädäk. Exact cognates include Livonian kīerõ; derivatives from the same root include also Proto-Finnic *keertädäk (“to turn, to spin thread”), Finnish kierä (“overwound”). See also keer.
Inflection
Inflection of keerama (ÕS type 29/hüppama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | keeran | ei keera | 1st sing. | olen keeranud | ei ole keeranud pole keeranud |
| 2nd sing. | keerad | 2nd sing. | oled keeranud | ||
| 3rd sing. | keerab | 3rd sing. | on keeranud | ||
| 1st plur. | keerame | 1st plur. | oleme keeranud | ||
| 2nd plur. | keerate | 2nd plur. | olete keeranud | ||
| 3rd plur. | keeravad | 3rd plur. | on keeranud | ||
| passive | keeratakse | ei keerata | passive | on keeratud | ei ole keeratud pole keeratud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | keerasin | ei keeranud | 1st sing. | olin keeranud | ei olnud keeranud polnud keeranud |
| 2nd sing. | keerasid | 2nd sing. | olid keeranud | ||
| 3rd sing. | keeras | 3rd sing. | oli keeranud | ||
| 1st plur. | keerasime | 1st plur. | olime keeranud | ||
| 2nd plur. | keerasite | 2nd plur. | olite keeranud | ||
| 3rd plur. | keerasid | 3rd plur. | oli keeranud | ||
| passive | keerati | ei keeratud | passive | oli keeratud | ei olnud keeratud polnud keeratud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | keeraksin | ei keeraks | 1st sing. | oleksin keeranud | ei oleks keeranud poleks keeranud |
| 2nd sing. | keeraksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid keeranud | ||
| 3rd sing. | keeraks | 3rd sing. | oleks keeranud | ||
| 1st plur. | keeraksime | 1st plur. | oleksime keeranud | ||
| 2nd plur. | keeraksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite keeranud | ||
| 3rd plur. | keeraksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid keeranud | ||
| passive | keerataks | ei keerataks | passive | oleks keeratud | ei oleks keeratud poleks keeratud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | keera | ära keera | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | keeraku | ärgu keeraku | 3rd sing. | olgu keeranud | ärgu olgu keeranud |
| 1st plur. | keerakem | ärgem keerakem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | keerake | ärge keerake | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | keeraku | ärgu keeraku | 3rd plur. | olgu keeranud | ärgu olgu keeranud |
| passive | keeratagu | ärgu keeratagu | passive | olgu keeratud | ärgu olgu keeratud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | keeravat | ei keeravat | active | olevat keeranud | ei olevat keeranud polevat keeranud |
| passive | keeratavat | ei keeratavat | passive | olevat keeratud | ei olevat keeratud polevat keeratud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | keerata | ||||||
| nominative | keerama | keeratama | des-form | keerates | |||||
| inessive | keeramas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | keeramast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | keeramaks | — | present | keerav | keeratav | ||||
| abessive | keeramata | — | past | keeranud | keeratud | ||||
Derived terms
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