katkema
Estonian
Etymology
Of Finnic or even possibly Finno-Permic origin. Cognate to Finnish katketa (“to break, to snap”), Veps katketa (“to break”) and possibly Udmurt куашканы (kuaškany, “to decay, to break, to fall apart”)
Verb
katkema (da-infinitive katkeda)
- to break (in two), to fall apart
- to stop, to halt, to temporarily stop, to end
Conjugation
Inflection of katkema (ÕS type 27/elama, no gradation)
| indicative | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | katken | ei katke | 1st sing. | olen katkenud | ei ole katkenud pole katkenud |
| 2nd sing. | katked | 2nd sing. | oled katkenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | katkeb | 3rd sing. | on katkenud | ||
| 1st plur. | katkeme | 1st plur. | oleme katkenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | katkete | 2nd plur. | olete katkenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | katkevad | 3rd plur. | on katkenud | ||
| passive | katketakse | ei katketa | passive | on katketud | ei ole katketud pole katketud |
| past | pluperfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | katkesin | ei katkenud | 1st sing. | olin katkenud | ei olnud katkenud polnud katkenud |
| 2nd sing. | katkesid | 2nd sing. | olid katkenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | katkes | 3rd sing. | oli katkenud | ||
| 1st plur. | katkesime | 1st plur. | olime katkenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | katkesite | 2nd plur. | olite katkenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | katkesid | 3rd plur. | oli katkenud | ||
| passive | katketi | ei katketud | passive | oli katketud | ei olnud katketud polnud katketud |
| conditional | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | katkeksin | ei katkeks | 1st sing. | oleksin katkenud | ei oleks katkenud poleks katkenud |
| 2nd sing. | katkeksid | 2nd sing. | oleksid katkenud | ||
| 3rd sing. | katkeks | 3rd sing. | oleks katkenud | ||
| 1st plur. | katkeksime | 1st plur. | oleksime katkenud | ||
| 2nd plur. | katkeksite | 2nd plur. | oleksite katkenud | ||
| 3rd plur. | katkeksid | 3rd plur. | oleksid katkenud | ||
| passive | katketaks | ei katketaks | passive | oleks katketud | ei oleks katketud poleks katketud |
| imperative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| 1st sing. | — | — | 1st sing. | — | — |
| 2nd sing. | katke | ära katke | 2nd sing. | — | — |
| 3rd sing. | katkegu | ärgu katkegu | 3rd sing. | olgu katkenud | ärgu olgu katkenud |
| 1st plur. | katkegem | ärgem katkegem | 1st plur. | — | — |
| 2nd plur. | katkege | ärge katkege | 2nd plur. | — | — |
| 3rd plur. | katkegu | ärgu katkegu | 3rd plur. | olgu katkenud | ärgu olgu katkenud |
| passive | katketagu | ärgu katketagu | passive | olgu katketud | ärgu olgu katketud |
| quotative | |||||
| present | perfect | ||||
| person | positive | negative | person | positive | negative |
| active | katkevat | ei katkevat | active | olevat katkenud | ei olevat katkenud polevat katkenud |
| passive | katketavat | ei katketavat | passive | olevat katketud | ei olevat katketud polevat katketud |
| Nominal forms | |||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| ma-infinitive | da-infinitive | ||||||||
| active | passive | da-form | katkeda | ||||||
| nominative | katkema | katketama | des-form | katkedes | |||||
| inessive | katkemas | — | participle | ||||||
| elative | katkemast | — | active | passive | |||||
| translative | katkemaks | — | present | katkev | katketav | ||||
| abessive | katkemata | — | past | katkenud | katketud | ||||
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