jula
See also: Jula
Norwegian Nynorsk
Xhosa
Etymology
Inflection
This verb needs an inflection-table template.
Zulu
Inflection
Tone L | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infinitive | ukujula | ||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
Infinitive | ukujula | ukungajuli | |||||||
Imperative | |||||||||
Simple | + object concord | ||||||||
Singular | jula | -jule | |||||||
Plural | julani | -juleni | |||||||
Present | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyajula, ngijula | engijulayo, engijula | ngijula | angijuli | engingajuli | ngingajuli | |||
2nd singular | uyajula, ujula | ojulayo, ojula | ujula | awujuli | ongajuli | ungajuli | |||
1st plural | siyajula, sijula | esijulayo, esijula | sijula | asijuli | esingajuli | singajuli | |||
2nd plural | niyajula, nijula | enijulayo, enijula | nijula | anijuli | eningajuli | ningajuli | |||
Class 1 | uyajula, ujula | ojulayo, ojula | ejula | akajuli | ongajuli | engajuli | |||
Class 2 | bayajula, bajula | abajulayo, abajula | bejula | abajuli | abangajuli | bengajuli | |||
Class 3 | uyajula, ujula | ojulayo, ojula | ujula | awujuli | ongajuli | ungajuli | |||
Class 4 | iyajula, ijula | ejulayo, ejula | ijula | ayijuli | engajuli | ingajuli | |||
Class 5 | liyajula, lijula | elijulayo, elijula | lijula | alijuli | elingajuli | lingajuli | |||
Class 6 | ayajula, ajula | ajulayo, ajula | ejula | awajuli | angajuli | engajuli | |||
Class 7 | siyajula, sijula | esijulayo, esijula | sijula | asijuli | esingajuli | singajuli | |||
Class 8 | ziyajula, zijula | ezijulayo, ezijula | zijula | azijuli | ezingajuli | zingajuli | |||
Class 9 | iyajula, ijula | ejulayo, ejula | ijula | ayijuli | engajuli | ingajuli | |||
Class 10 | ziyajula, zijula | ezijulayo, ezijula | zijula | azijuli | ezingajuli | zingajuli | |||
Class 11 | luyajula, lujula | olujulayo, olujula | lujula | alujuli | olungajuli | lungajuli | |||
Class 14 | buyajula, bujula | obujulayo, obujula | bujula | abujuli | obungajuli | bungajuli | |||
Class 15 | kuyajula, kujula | okujulayo, okujula | kujula | akujuli | okungajuli | kungajuli | |||
Class 17 | kuyajula, kujula | okujulayo, okujula | kujula | akujuli | okungajuli | kungajuli | |||
Recent past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngijulile, ngijulē | engijulile, engijulē | ngijulile, ngijulē | angijulanga | engingajulanga | ngingajulanga | |||
2nd singular | ujulile, ujulē | ojulile, ojulē | ujulile, ujulē | awujulanga | ongajulanga | ungajulanga | |||
1st plural | sijulile, sijulē | esijulile, esijulē | sijulile, sijulē | asijulanga | esingajulanga | singajulanga | |||
2nd plural | nijulile, nijulē | enijulile, enijulē | nijulile, nijulē | anijulanga | eningajulanga | ningajulanga | |||
Class 1 | ujulile, ujulē | ojulile, ojulē | ejulile, ejulē | akajulanga | ongajulanga | engajulanga | |||
Class 2 | bajulile, bajulē | abajulile, abajulē | bejulile, bejulē | abajulanga | abangajulanga | bengajulanga | |||
Class 3 | ujulile, ujulē | ojulile, ojulē | ujulile, ujulē | awujulanga | ongajulanga | ungajulanga | |||
Class 4 | ijulile, ijulē | ejulile, ejulē | ijulile, ijulē | ayijulanga | engajulanga | ingajulanga | |||
Class 5 | lijulile, lijulē | elijulile, elijulē | lijulile, lijulē | alijulanga | elingajulanga | lingajulanga | |||
Class 6 | ajulile, ajulē | ajulile, ajulē | ejulile, ejulē | awajulanga | angajulanga | engajulanga | |||
Class 7 | sijulile, sijulē | esijulile, esijulē | sijulile, sijulē | asijulanga | esingajulanga | singajulanga | |||
Class 8 | zijulile, zijulē | ezijulile, ezijulē | zijulile, zijulē | azijulanga | ezingajulanga | zingajulanga | |||
Class 9 | ijulile, ijulē | ejulile, ejulē | ijulile, ijulē | ayijulanga | engajulanga | ingajulanga | |||
Class 10 | zijulile, zijulē | ezijulile, ezijulē | zijulile, zijulē | azijulanga | ezingajulanga | zingajulanga | |||
Class 11 | lujulile, lujulē | olujulile, olujulē | lujulile, lujulē | alujulanga | olungajulanga | lungajulanga | |||
Class 14 | bujulile, bujulē | obujulile, obujulē | bujulile, bujulē | abujulanga | obungajulanga | bungajulanga | |||
Class 15 | kujulile, kujulē | okujulile, okujulē | kujulile, kujulē | akujulanga | okungajulanga | kungajulanga | |||
Class 17 | kujulile, kujulē | okujulile, okujulē | kujulile, kujulē | akujulanga | okungajulanga | kungajulanga | |||
Remote past | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngājula | engājula | ngājula | angijulanga | engingajulanga | ngingajulanga | |||
2nd singular | wājula | owājula | wājula | awujulanga | ongajulanga | ungajulanga | |||
1st plural | sājula | esājula | sājula | asijulanga | esingajulanga | singajulanga | |||
2nd plural | nājula | enājula | nājula | anijulanga | eningajulanga | ningajulanga | |||
Class 1 | wājula | owājula | ājula | akajulanga | ongajulanga | engajulanga | |||
Class 2 | bājula | abājula | bājula | abajulanga | abangajulanga | bengajulanga | |||
Class 3 | wājula | owājula | wājula | awujulanga | ongajulanga | ungajulanga | |||
Class 4 | yājula | eyājula | yājula | ayijulanga | engajulanga | ingajulanga | |||
Class 5 | lājula | elājula | lājula | alijulanga | elingajulanga | lingajulanga | |||
Class 6 | ājula | ājula | ājula | awajulanga | angajulanga | engajulanga | |||
Class 7 | sājula | esājula | sājula | asijulanga | esingajulanga | singajulanga | |||
Class 8 | zājula | ezājula | zājula | azijulanga | ezingajulanga | zingajulanga | |||
Class 9 | yājula | eyājula | yājula | ayijulanga | engajulanga | ingajulanga | |||
Class 10 | zājula | ezājula | zājula | azijulanga | ezingajulanga | zingajulanga | |||
Class 11 | lwājula | olwājula | lwājula | alujulanga | olungajulanga | lungajulanga | |||
Class 14 | bājula | obājula | bājula | abujulanga | obungajulanga | bungajulanga | |||
Class 15 | kwājula | okwājula | kwājula | akujulanga | okungajulanga | kungajulanga | |||
Class 17 | kwājula | okwājula | kwājula | akujulanga | okungajulanga | kungajulanga | |||
Potential | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngingajula | — | ngingajula | ngingejule | — | ngingejule | |||
2nd singular | ungajula | — | ungajula | ungejule | — | ungejule | |||
1st plural | singajula | — | singajula | singejule | — | singejule | |||
2nd plural | ningajula | — | ningajula | ningejule | — | ningejule | |||
Class 1 | angajula | — | engajula | angejule | — | engejule | |||
Class 2 | bangajula | — | bengajula | bangejule | — | bengejule | |||
Class 3 | ungajula | — | ungajula | ungejule | — | ungejule | |||
Class 4 | ingajula | — | ingajula | ingejule | — | ingejule | |||
Class 5 | lingajula | — | lingajula | lingejule | — | lingejule | |||
Class 6 | angajula | — | engajula | angejule | — | engejule | |||
Class 7 | singajula | — | singajula | singejule | — | singejule | |||
Class 8 | zingajula | — | zingajula | zingejule | — | zingejule | |||
Class 9 | ingajula | — | ingajula | ingejule | — | ingejule | |||
Class 10 | zingajula | — | zingajula | zingejule | — | zingejule | |||
Class 11 | lungajula | — | lungajula | lungejule | — | lungejule | |||
Class 14 | bungajula | — | bungajula | bungejule | — | bungejule | |||
Class 15 | kungajula | — | kungajula | kungejule | — | kungejule | |||
Class 17 | kungajula | — | kungajula | kungejule | — | kungejule | |||
Immediate future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngizojula | engizojula | ngizojula | angizujula | engingezujula | ngingezujula | |||
2nd singular | uzojula | ozojula | uzojula | awuzujula | ongezujula | ungezujula | |||
1st plural | sizojula | esizojula | sizojula | asizujula | esingezujula | singezujula | |||
2nd plural | nizojula | enizojula | nizojula | anizujula | eningezujula | ningezujula | |||
Class 1 | uzojula | ozojula | ezojula | akazujula | ongezujula | engezujula | |||
Class 2 | bazojula | abazojula | bezojula | abazujula | abangezujula | bengezujula | |||
Class 3 | uzojula | ozojula | uzojula | awuzujula | ongezujula | ungezujula | |||
Class 4 | izojula | ezojula | izojula | ayizujula | engezujula | ingezujula | |||
Class 5 | lizojula | elizojula | lizojula | alizujula | elingezujula | lingezujula | |||
Class 6 | azojula | azojula | ezojula | awazujula | angezujula | engezujula | |||
Class 7 | sizojula | esizojula | sizojula | asizujula | esingezujula | singezujula | |||
Class 8 | zizojula | ezizojula | zizojula | azizujula | ezingezujula | zingezujula | |||
Class 9 | izojula | ezojula | izojula | ayizujula | engezujula | ingezujula | |||
Class 10 | zizojula | ezizojula | zizojula | azizujula | ezingezujula | zingezujula | |||
Class 11 | luzojula | oluzojula | luzojula | aluzujula | olungezujula | lungezujula | |||
Class 14 | buzojula | obuzojula | buzojula | abuzujula | obungezujula | bungezujula | |||
Class 15 | kuzojula | okuzojula | kuzojula | akuzujula | okungezujula | kungezujula | |||
Class 17 | kuzojula | okuzojula | kuzojula | akuzujula | okungezujula | kungezujula | |||
Remote future | |||||||||
Positive absolute | Positive relative | Positive participial | Negative absolute | Negative relative | Negative participial | ||||
1st singular | ngiyojula | engiyojula | ngiyojula | angiyujula | engingeyujula | ngingeyujula | |||
2nd singular | uyojula | oyojula | uyojula | awuyujula | ongeyujula | ungeyujula | |||
1st plural | siyojula | esiyojula | siyojula | asiyujula | esingeyujula | singeyujula | |||
2nd plural | niyojula | eniyojula | niyojula | aniyujula | eningeyujula | ningeyujula | |||
Class 1 | uyojula | oyojula | eyojula | akayujula | ongeyujula | engeyujula | |||
Class 2 | bayojula | abayojula | beyojula | abayujula | abangeyujula | bengeyujula | |||
Class 3 | uyojula | oyojula | uyojula | awuyujula | ongeyujula | ungeyujula | |||
Class 4 | iyojula | eyojula | iyojula | ayiyujula | engeyujula | ingeyujula | |||
Class 5 | liyojula | eliyojula | liyojula | aliyujula | elingeyujula | lingeyujula | |||
Class 6 | ayojula | ayojula | eyojula | awayujula | angeyujula | engeyujula | |||
Class 7 | siyojula | esiyojula | siyojula | asiyujula | esingeyujula | singeyujula | |||
Class 8 | ziyojula | eziyojula | ziyojula | aziyujula | ezingeyujula | zingeyujula | |||
Class 9 | iyojula | eyojula | iyojula | ayiyujula | engeyujula | ingeyujula | |||
Class 10 | ziyojula | eziyojula | ziyojula | aziyujula | ezingeyujula | zingeyujula | |||
Class 11 | luyojula | oluyojula | luyojula | aluyujula | olungeyujula | lungeyujula | |||
Class 14 | buyojula | obuyojula | buyojula | abuyujula | obungeyujula | bungeyujula | |||
Class 15 | kuyojula | okuyojula | kuyojula | akuyujula | okungeyujula | kungeyujula | |||
Class 17 | kuyojula | okuyojula | kuyojula | akuyujula | okungeyujula | kungeyujula | |||
Present subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngijule | ngingajuli | |||||||
2nd singular | ujule | ungajuli | |||||||
1st plural | sijule | singajuli | |||||||
2nd plural | nijule | ningajuli | |||||||
Class 1 | ajule | angajuli | |||||||
Class 2 | bajule | bangajuli | |||||||
Class 3 | ujule | ungajuli | |||||||
Class 4 | ijule | ingajuli | |||||||
Class 5 | lijule | lingajuli | |||||||
Class 6 | ajule | angajuli | |||||||
Class 7 | sijule | singajuli | |||||||
Class 8 | zijule | zingajuli | |||||||
Class 9 | ijule | ingajuli | |||||||
Class 10 | zijule | zingajuli | |||||||
Class 11 | lujule | lungajuli | |||||||
Class 14 | bujule | bungajuli | |||||||
Class 15 | kujule | kungajuli | |||||||
Class 17 | kujule | kungajuli | |||||||
Past subjunctive | |||||||||
Positive | Negative | ||||||||
1st singular | ngajula | ngangajula, angajula, angangajula | |||||||
2nd singular | wajula | wangajula, awajula, awangajula | |||||||
1st plural | sajula | sangajula, asajula, asangajula | |||||||
2nd plural | najula | nangajula, anajula, anangajula | |||||||
Class 1 | wajula | wangajula, akajula, akangajula | |||||||
Class 2 | bajula | bangajula, abajula, abangajula | |||||||
Class 3 | wajula | wangajula, awajula, awangajula | |||||||
Class 4 | yajula | yangajula, ayajula, ayangajula | |||||||
Class 5 | lajula | langajula, alajula, alangajula | |||||||
Class 6 | ajula | angajula, awajula, awangajula | |||||||
Class 7 | sajula | sangajula, asajula, asangajula | |||||||
Class 8 | zajula | zangajula, azajula, azangajula | |||||||
Class 9 | yajula | yangajula, ayajula, ayangajula | |||||||
Class 10 | zajula | zangajula, azajula, azangajula | |||||||
Class 11 | lwajula | lwangajula, alwajula, alwangajula | |||||||
Class 14 | bajula | bangajula, abajula, abangajula | |||||||
Class 15 | kwajula | kwangajula, akwajula, akwangajula | |||||||
Class 17 | kwajula | kwangajula, akwajula, akwangajula |
References
- C. M. Doke; B. W. Vilakazi (1972), “jula”, in Zulu-English Dictionary, →ISBN: “jula (6.3)”
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