juger
See also: iuger
French
Etymology
From Old French juger, from Latin iūdicō (“pass judgement”).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ʒy.ʒe/
audio (file)
Verb
juger
Conjugation
This is a regular -er verb, but the stem is written juge- before endings that begin with -a- or -o- (to indicate that the -g- is a “soft” /ʒ/ and not a “hard” /ɡ/). This spelling-change occurs in all verbs in -ger, such as neiger and manger.
Conjugation of juger (see also Appendix:French verbs)
| present participle | jugeant /ʒy.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| past participle | jugé /ʒy.ʒe/ | ||||||
| infinitive | |||||||
| simple | juger | ||||||
| compound | avoir + past participle | ||||||
| gerund1 | |||||||
| simple | jugeant /ʒy.ʒɑ̃/ | ||||||
| compound | ayant + past participle | ||||||
| singular | plural | ||||||
| first | second | third | first | second | third | ||
| indicative | je (j’) | tu | il, elle | nous | vous | ils, elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
| imperfect | jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeais /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugeait /ʒy.ʒɛ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugeaient /ʒy.ʒɛ/ | |
| past historic2 | jugeai /ʒy.ʒe/ |
jugeas /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugea /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeâmes /ʒy.ʒam/ |
jugeâtes /ʒy.ʒat/ |
jugèrent /ʒy.ʒɛʁ/ | |
| future | jugerai /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeras /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugera /ʒyʒ.ʁa/ |
jugerons /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ |
jugerez /ʒyʒ.ʁe/ |
jugeront /ʒyʒ.ʁɔ̃/ | |
| conditional | jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerais /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerait /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ |
jugerions /ʒy.ʒə.ʁjɔ̃/ |
jugeriez /ʒy.ʒə.ʁje/ |
jugeraient /ʒyʒ.ʁɛ/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
present perfect | present indicative of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect | imperfect indicative of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| past anterior2 | past historic of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| future perfect | future of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| conditional perfect | conditional of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| subjunctive | que je (j’) | que tu | qu’il, qu’elle | que nous | que vous | qu’ils, qu’elles | |
| (simple tenses) |
present | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
juges /ʒyʒ/ |
juge /ʒyʒ/ |
jugions /ʒy.ʒjɔ̃/ |
jugiez /ʒy.ʒje/ |
jugent /ʒyʒ/ |
| imperfect2 | jugeasse /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeasses /ʒy.ʒas/ |
jugeât /ʒy.ʒa/ |
jugeassions /ʒy.ʒa.sjɔ̃/ |
jugeassiez /ʒy.ʒa.sje/ |
jugeassent /ʒy.ʒas/ | |
| (compound tenses) |
past | present subjunctive of avoir + past participle | |||||
| pluperfect2 | imperfect subjunctive of avoir + past participle | ||||||
| imperative | – | – | – | ||||
| simple | — | juge /ʒyʒ/ |
— | jugeons /ʒy.ʒɔ̃/ |
jugez /ʒy.ʒe/ |
— | |
| compound | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | simple imperative of avoir + past participle | — | |
| 1 Only usable with preposition en. | |||||||
| 2 In less formal writing or speech, the past historic, past anterior, imperfect subjunctive and pluperfect subjunctive tenses may be found to have been replaced with the indicative present perfect, indicative pluperfect, present subjunctive and past subjunctive tenses respectively (Christopher Kendris [1995], Master the Basics: French, pp. 77, 78, 79, 81). | |||||||
Further reading
- “juger” in le Trésor de la langue française informatisé (The Digitized Treasury of the French Language).
Latin
Pronunciation
- (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈjuː.ɡer/, [ˈjuː.ɡɛr]
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