jauns
Latgalian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *jauˀnás, from Proto-Indo-European *h₂yuh₁en-. Cognate with Lithuanian jaunas, Latvian jauns.
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈjaʔuns/
Latvian
Etymology
From Proto-Baltic *jauˀnás, from Proto-Indo-European *yew- (“young”) (from *h₂yuh₁en-), with a suffix *-no. In Latvian, this word broadened its meaning to include also “new,” replacing a previous *naujs (“new”) (compare Lithuanian naũjas (“new”)). Cognates include Lithuanian jáunas (“young”), Old Prussian *jaun- in names of people (Jawne, Javne, etc.), Sudovian iaunis, Old Church Slavonic юнъ (junŭ), Russian юный (júnyj), Ukrainian юний (junyj), Czech jinoch (“young man”), Gothic 𐌾𐌿𐌲𐌲𐍃 (juggs), German jung, English young, Sanskrit युवन (yuvan), Latin iuvenis.[1]
Adjective
jauns (jaunais comparative, jaunāks superlative, visjaunākais adverb, (none))
- (of people, animals, plants) having relatively low age, young, new
- jauns cilvēks, vīrietis ― young person, man
- jauna sieviete ― young woman
- jaunie lasītāji, vēlētāji ― young readers, voters
- jaunie lācēni ― young bear cubs
- jauns mežs ― young, new forest
- jaunas atvases ― young, new shoots
- viņa izskatās jaunāka par saviem gadiem ― she looks younger than her years (= age)
- (of people) young, typical of youth
- jaunas dienas ― young days, youth
- jauna skaista balss ― young, beautiful voice
- sirdi vajag paturēt jaunu, tad cilvēks nekad nebūs vecs ― one must keep one's heart young, then one will never grow old
- (moon) new
- Jauns Mēness ― New Moon
- new, recent (created, invented, built, established a short time ago)
- jauns ciemats ― new village
- jauna pilsēta ― new town, city
- jaunas konstrukcijas mašīnas ― new construction machines
- jauna sintētiskā šķiedra ― new (kind of) synthetic fiber
- jauna luga, opera ― new play, opera
- kas jauns? — what's new? (conversation starter)
- new (which has recently mature, which was recently harvested; fresh)
- jaunie kāposti ― new cabbage
- jaunā raža ― the new harvest
- new, young (having recently begun to act, to work; having little experience)
- jauns skolotājs, ārsts, advokāts ― new, young teachers, doctor, lawyer
- jauno autoru apvienība ― young authors association
- jaunais pāris ― the new, young couple (i.e., recently married)
- new (recently acquire, purchased; not worn out; not used)
- jauns mētelis ― new coat
- jaunas kurpes ― new shoes
- tirgoties ar jaunām un lietotām grāmatām ― to trade with new and used books
- new (different; not like before)
- sākt jaunu dzīvi ― to begin a new life
- jauns darbs ― new work, job
- jauna uztvere, pieeja, metode ― new perception, approach, method
- jauni plani, nodomi ― new plans, intentions
- new (following a previous one; replacing a previous one)
- sācies jauns gads ― a new year has started
- Jaunie Laiki ― the Modern Times (from 1640 to 1917)
- jaunais gads, jaungads ― New Year
- Jauna Derība ― the New Testament
- jauns ilustrēts izdēvums ― new illustrated edition
- jaunā stila (Gregora) kalendārs ― new style (Gregorian) calendar
- jaunā ortografijā ― new orthography, spelling
Declension
masculine (vīriešu dzimte) | feminine (sieviešu dzimte) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) |
singular (vienskaitlis) |
plural (daudzskaitlis) | ||||||
nominative (nominatīvs) | jauns | jauni | jauna | jaunas | |||||
accusative (akuzatīvs) | jaunu | jaunus | jaunu | jaunas | |||||
genitive (ģenitīvs) | jauna | jaunu | jaunas | jaunu | |||||
dative (datīvs) | jaunam | jauniem | jaunai | jaunām | |||||
instrumental (instrumentālis) | jaunu | jauniem | jaunu | jaunām | |||||
locative (lokatīvs) | jaunā | jaunos | jaunā | jaunās | |||||
vocative (vokatīvs) | — | — | — | — | |||||
Antonyms
References
- Karulis, Konstantīns (1992), “jauns”, in Latviešu Etimoloģijas Vārdnīca (in Latvian), Rīga: AVOTS, →ISBN