irritus

Latin

Etymology 1

From Proto-Italic *enratos, from *en- + *ratos, whence also Latin ratus, past participle of *rēōr, whence Latin reor, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *reh₁-.

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /ˈir.ri.tus/, [ˈɪr.rɪ.tʊs]

Adjective

irritus (feminine irrita, neuter irritum); first/second declension

  1. invalid, void
  2. ineffective, useless, irrelevant
Declension

First/second declension.

Number Singular Plural
Case / Gender Masculine Feminine Neuter Masculine Feminine Neuter
Nominative irritus irrita irritum irritī irritae irrita
Genitive irritī irritae irritī irritōrum irritārum irritōrum
Dative irritō irritō irritīs
Accusative irritum irritam irritum irritōs irritās irrita
Ablative irritō irritā irritō irritīs
Vocative irrite irrita irritum irritī irritae irrita

Etymology 2

Possibly from Proto-Italic *rito (“stirred up”), from Proto-Indo-European *h₃er- (“to move, stir”).

Alternative forms

Pronunciation
  • (Classical) IPA(key): /irˈriː.tus/, [ɪrˈriː.tʊs]

Noun

irrītus m (genitive irrītūs); fourth declension

  1. (of dogs) snarling
Declension

Fourth declension.

Case Singular Plural
Nominative irrītus irrītūs
Genitive irrītūs irrītuum
Dative irrītuī irrītibus
Accusative irrītum irrītūs
Ablative irrītū irrītibus
Vocative irrītus irrītūs

References
  • irritus in Charlton T. Lewis and Charles Short (1879) A Latin Dictionary, Oxford: Clarendon Press
  • irritus in Gaffiot, Félix (1934) Dictionnaire Illustré Latin-Français, Hachette
  • Carl Meissner; Henry William Auden (1894) Latin Phrase-Book‎, London: Macmillan and Co.
    • to frustrate, nullify: ad irritum redigere aliquid
    • expectation is overthrown: spes ad irritum cadit, ad irritum redigitur
    • to annul, revoke a will: testamentum irritum facere, rumpere
    • a law is valid: lex rata est (opp. irrita)
  • Pokorny, Julius (1959) Indogermanisches etymologisches Wörterbuch [Indo-European Etymological Dictionary] (in German), volume I, Bern, München: Francke Verlag, page 326
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