hæþen
Old English
Alternative forms
Etymology
From Proto-Germanic *haiþinaz; cognate to Old Frisian hêthin, hêthen, Old High German heidan, Old Norse heiðinn, Gothic *𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍃 (haiþns, “gentile”) (attested as feminine 𐌷𐌰𐌹𐌸𐌽𐍉 (haiþno)). The Germanic word is primarily an adjective. Its ultimate origin is uncertain, perhaps influenced by Ancient Greek ἔθνος (éthnos, “nation, heathen”), via the loans from Greek in Coptic ϩⲉⲑⲛⲟⲥ (hethnos) and/or Old Armenian հեթանոս (hetʿanos). The stem-vowel was influenced by haiþi (“heath”). See also Proto-Germanic *haiduz, Old Norse heiðr (honour, bright, moor), Icelandic heiðr (honour, bright weather).
Pronunciation
- IPA(key): /ˈhæːðen/
Declension
| Weak | Strong | ||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| case | singular | plural | case | singular | plural | ||||||||
| m | n | f | m | n | f | m | n | f | |||||
| nominative | hǣþ(e)na | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)nan | nom. | hǣþen | hǣþen | hǣþ(e)nu | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)nu, -e | hǣþ(e)na, -e | ||
| accusative | hǣþ(e)nan | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)nan | acc. | hǣþenne | hǣþen | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)ne | hǣþ(e)nu, -e | hǣþ(e)na, -e | |||
| genitive | hǣþ(e)nan | hǣþenra, hǣþ(e)nena | gen. | hǣþ(e)nes | hǣþ(e)nes | hǣþenre | hǣþenra | ||||||
| dative | hǣþ(e)nan | hǣþ(e)num | dat. | hǣþ(e)num | hǣþ(e)num | hǣþenre | hǣþ(e)num | ||||||
| instrumental | hǣþ(e)ne | ||||||||||||
Derived terms
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